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Abstract
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Article Information:
Effects of Water Pollution in Koluama Area, Niger Delta Area, Nigeria Fish Species Composition, Histology, Shrimp Fishery and Fishing Gear Type
J.F.N. Abowei and E.N. Ogamba
Corresponding Author: J.F.N. Abowei
Submitted: July 07, 2012
Accepted: August 28, 2012
Published: June 15, 2013 |
Abstract:
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The effect of water pollution in Koluama Area in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to determine its effects on fish species composition, histology, shrimp fishery and fishing gear type. A total of twenty (20) species belonging to eleven (11) families were recorded. Strongylura senegalensis, Lagocephalus laevigatus, Tarpon atlantica, Pristis pristis, Galeoides decadatylus and Butis koilomatodon were rare. Ephippion guttifer, Chaetodipterus goreensis, Sardinella maderensis, Sardinella aurita, Liza falcipinnis, Mugil bananensis, Pentanemus quinquarius, Polydactylus quadrafilis and Trichuris lepturis were common. Ethmalosa fimbriata, Liza grandisquamis, Sphyraena guachancho, Mugil curema, Sphyraena guachancho and Dormitator pleurops were abundant. None was dominant. The highest number of fish species (16) were recorded in fish town and none was recorded in Kuloma 1 and one (1) was recorded for Kulauma 11. Foroupa, Ekeni, Ejetu and Ikebiri fishing port 1 and 2 recorded 8, 7, 3 and 5 fish species respectively. Artisanal fishing is based on traditional methods of fishing using essentially canoe and different fishing nets which depend on the season and target fish species. Canoes may be motorized or hand-paddled. Common gear types include shrimp traps, drift gill nets, set gill nets, cast nets, seine nets, hook and lines. Lift nets may be use by women folk who target small shrimp species in the creeks and creek lets. Other fishing methods include hand-picking for periwinkles, oysters and other shellfish by women folk and children. Prominent among the fishing devices are edek, a type of fish fence used in the creeks; alot, a large trap used on sand and mud-banks in the estuaries; and otunwa, a barbed spear. Fishers using these devices either operated from their home villages, exploiting the nearby waters, or staged long distance fishing expeditions, during which they lived in distant camps or house-boats. The heavy metals concentration level values are: Cd (0.013a±0.001), Cr (2.04b±0.01), Cu (2.16b±0.10), Pb (2.20b±0.16) and Zn (1.03ab±0.03) for Lagocephalus laevigatus; Cd (0.01a±0.001), Cr (1.60b±0.44), Cu (1.25ab±0.08), Pb (1.10ab±0.15) and Zn (0.50b±0.04) for Tarpon atlantica and Cd (0.02ab±0.003), Cr (2.35ab±0.40), Cu (2.60a±0.08), Pb (2.30a±0.45) and Zn (1.11a±0.17) for Pristis pristis. The presence of heavy metals in the fish samples examined is an evidence of environmental degradation.
Key words: Fish species composition, histology, Niger Delta, Nigeria, shrimp fishery fishing gear type, water pollution effects,
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Cite this Reference:
J.F.N. Abowei and E.N. Ogamba, . Effects of Water Pollution in Koluama Area, Niger Delta Area, Nigeria Fish Species Composition, Histology, Shrimp Fishery and Fishing Gear Type. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, (03): 373-381.
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ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
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