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     Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology


Effects of L-Ascorbic Acid, Bentonite and Gelatin on Clarification of Apple Concentrate and Optimization with Desirability Function

1Sajad Pirsa and 2Mohammad Mehdi Mazhari
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 57561-51818
2Afagh Higher Education Institute, Urmia, Iran
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology  2017  7:262-271
http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.13.5279  |  © The Author(s) 2017
Received: May 28, 2017  |  Accepted: August 22, 2017  |  Published: December 25, 2017

Abstract

The main aim of this study is using of L-ascorbic acid to improve quality of apple concentrate. Generally, the bentonite-gelatin mix is used to improve a quality of fruit juice and concentrate, but in this study, L-ascorbic acid as a new clarificant matter was used to improve apple concentrate quality (clarity and color enhancement and turbidity decrease) by flocculation and precipitation. So two mix, including 1- bentonite-gelatin mix (as a blank mix) and 2- L-ascorbic acid-gelatin-bentonite mix was used. The mix solution was added to apple concentrate in the four separate stages including; 1: to the mash enzyme tank product, 2: to the crude apple juice, 3- to the fining tank product (in single-stage) and 4- to the fining tank product (in two-stage). The ratio of bentonite, gelatin and L-ascorbic acid in the mix solution and adding stage were studied by General Full Factorial Design (GFFD). Bentonite, gelatin and L-ascorbic acid concentration in two levels as a numeric factor and adding stage in four levels as text factor were considered. The linear regression method was used to study the relation between bentonite, gelatin and L-ascorbic acid concentration and adding stage of the clarificant mix. The desirability function (D) was used to find the optimum condition for analysis. The results showed that L-ascorbic acid had a significant effect on the clarification process and adding of clarificant mix to the fining tank product (in single-stage) is the best way to adding the clarificant mix.

Keywords:

Apple concentrate, clarification, desirability function, General Full Factorial Design (GFFD), L-ascorbic acid,


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Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

Open Access Policy

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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The authors have no competing interests.

ISSN (Online):  2042-4876
ISSN (Print):   2042-4868
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