Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Performance Evaluation of Joint Path and Spectrum Diversity Based Routing Protocol in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks under Critical Conditions
1Zamree Che-Aron, 1Aisha Hassan Abdalla, 1Khaizuran Abdullah, 2Wan Haslina Hassan and 3Md. Arafatur Rahman
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
2Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
3Department of Biomedical Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2015 6:694-700
Received: January 19, 2015 | Accepted: February 14, 2015 | Published: June 20, 2015
Abstract
Cognitive Radio (CR) technology has been introduced to solve the problems of spectrum underutilization and spectrum scarcity caused by improper spectrum management policies. The main concept of Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Network (CRAHN) is that, in a wireless ad hoc network, the unlicensed users (or Secondary Users (SUs)) are allowed to access the temporally unused licensed spectrum bands for data communications without harmful interference to the licensed users (or Primary Users (PUs)). In CRAHNs, the mobile SUs communicate with each other without the use of any centralized network infrastructure. Routing in CRAHNs is an important task and faces various challenges including PU interference, frequent network topology changes, energy constraint, volatile bandwidth and fragile connectivity. In this study, an attempt is made to evaluate the performance of the Dual Diversity Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (D2CARP) in CRAHNs under critical conditions, i.e., high node mobility rate and number of PUs. The D2CARP protocol is a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol for CRAHNs. The performance evaluation is conducted through simulation using NS-2 simulator. The performance metrics to be considered include average throughput, percentage of packet loss, average end-to-end delay and average jitter. The simulation results prove that the protocol performance is significantly affected in the networks with high number of PUs and mobility rate, leading to high path failure rate and severe service outages.
Keywords:
Cognitive radio ad hoc network, critical condition, joint path and spectrum diversity, performance evaluation, primary user activity , routing protocol,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
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