Abstract

Wireless sensor network has been emerged as a most powerful technology in which many sensor nodes are deployed for various monitoring applications. Wireless sensor network uses battery-operated computing and sensing devices. The sensor nodes use battery as a source of energy and these batteries cannot be recharged or changed very often. It is vital requirement in wireless sensor networks that node’s energy need to be efficiently utilized. In this study, a literature survey on various methods for energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks is discussed. The study also provides energy issues in wireless sensor networks and various sources of wastage of energy in WSNs.

Keywords:

Broadcasting , data cycling, data driven methods, energy efficiency, energy wastage, MAC, topology issues, wireless sensor networks , WSN,

References

1. Ababneh, N., A. Viglas, H. Labiod and N. Boukhatem, 2009. ECTC: Energy efficient topology control algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium in a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks & Workshops, pp: 1-9.
   
2. Al-Karaki, J.N. and A.E. Kamal, 2004. Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Wirel. Commun., 11(6): 6-28.
   CrossRef    
3. Besem, A., S. Hamida and M. Souleymane, 2012. Collision Free Communication for Energy Saving in Wireless Sensor Networks. INTECH Open Access Publisher, ISBN: 978-953-51-0676-0.
   
4. Bhavana, N., S. Anuradha, K. Sanjay and P. Vinod, 2011. Energy efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. Survey, 2(3): 121-131.
   CrossRef    
5. Cardei, M., M.T. Thai, L. Yingshu and W. Weili, 2005. Energy-efficient target coverage in wireless sensor networks. Proceeding of the 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM, 3: 1976-1984.
   CrossRef    
6. Chen, S. and Y. Na, 2006. Congestion avoidance based on lightweight buffer management in sensor networks. IEEE T. Parall. Distr., 17(9): 934-946.
   CrossRef    
7. Chun-Hsien, W. and C. Yeh-Ching, 2007. Heterogeneous wireless sensor network deployment and topology control based on irregular sensor model. In: Cerin, C. K.C. Li (Eds.), GPC, 2007. LNCS 4459, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp: 78-88.
   
8. Datta, N.N. and K. Gopinath, 2006. A survey of routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks. J. Indian Inst. Sci., 86: 569-598.
   
9. Giuseppe, A., C. Marco, D.F. Mario and P. Andrea, 2009. Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Netw., 7(3): 537-568.
   CrossRef    
10. Hebden, P. and A.R. Pearce, 2006. Distributed asynchronous clustering for self-organisation of wireless sensor networks. Proceeding of the 4rth International Conference on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing (ICISIP, 2006), pp: 37-42.
    CrossRef    
11. Huan-Chao, K., W. Ying-Hong, L. Kun-Yi and L. Cheng-Che, 2011. Power saving mechanism with optimal sleep control in wireless sensor networks. Tamkang J. Sci. Eng., 14(3): 235-243.
    
12. Ji, L., H.F. Chuan, L.L.H. Andrew and M. Zukerman, 2008. Sizes of minimum connected dominating sets of a class of wireless sensor networks. Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp: 332-336.
    PMid:18343613    
13. Kawahara, Y., M. Masateru, M. Hiroyuki and T. Aoyama, 2003. Design and implementation of a sensor network node for ubiquitous computing environment. Proceeding of the 58th in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC, 2003), 5: 3005-3009.
    CrossRef    
14. Lehsaini, M., H. Guyennet and M. Feham, 2008. CES: Cluster-based energy-efficient scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks. Int. Fed. Info. Proc. Springer, US, 264: 13-24.
    
15. Liu, H., A. Nayak and I. Stojmenovic, 2009. Fault-tolerant Algorithms/Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Misra, S., W. Isaac and C.M. Subhas (Eds.), Guide to Wireless Sensor Networks. Springer-Verlag, London, pp: 261-291.
    CrossRef    PMCid:PMC2703695    
16. Mohamed, Y. and A. Kemal, 2008. Strategies and techniques for node placement in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Netw., 6(4): 621-655.
    CrossRef    
17. Nesargi, S. and R. Prakash, 2000. A tunneling approach to routing with unidirectional links in mobile ad-hoc networks. Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp: 522-527.
    CrossRef    
18. Padmavathi, G. and D. Shanmugapriya, 2009. A survey of attacks, security mechanisms and challenges in wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Sci. Inform. Secur., 4(1, 2): 1-9.
    
19. Patil, M. and R.C. Biradar, 2012. A survey on routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceeding of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON, 2012), pp: 86-91.
    CrossRef    
20. Shih-Hsien, Y., T. Hung-Wei, E.H.K. Wu and C. Gen-Huey, 2005. Utilization based duty cycle tuning MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. Proceeding of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 6: 5.
    CrossRef    
21. Suzhi, B., K.H. Chin and Z. Rui, 2014. Wireless powered communication: Opportunities and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:1408(2335).
    
22. Tiwari, A., F.L. Lewis and S.G. Shuzhi, 2004. Wireless sensor network for machine condition based maintenance. Proceeding of the Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision Conference, 1: 461-467.
    CrossRef    
23. Vuran, M.C. and I.F. Akyildiz, 2006. Spatial correlation-based collaborative medium access control in wireless sensor networks. IEEE ACM T. Network., 14(2): 316-329.
    CrossRef    
24. Wei, Y., J. Heidemann and D. Estrin, 2002. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. Proceeding of the 21th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM, 3: 1567-1576.
    CrossRef    
25. Wheeler, A., 2007. Commercial applications of wireless sensor networks using ZigBee. IEEE Commun. Mag., 45(4): 70-77.
    CrossRef    
26. Wu, M., L. Tan and N. Xiong, 2014. A structure fidelity approach for big data collection in wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 15(1): 248-273.
    CrossRef    PMid:25609045 PMCid:PMC4327017    
27. Yan-Xiao, L., S. Hao-Shan and Z. Shui-Ping, 2010. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor network. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE, 2010), 4: V4-619.
    CrossRef    
28. Yun-Wei, L., C. Yuh-Shyan and L. Sing-Ling, 2010. Routing protocols in vehicular Ad Hoc networks: A survey and future perspectives. J. Inf. Sci. Eng., 26(3): 913-932.
    
29. Zhang, M. and S. Wang, 2011. An energy efficient dynamic clustering protocol based on weight in wireless sensor networks. J. Netw., 6(7): 1057-1064.
    CrossRef    

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

Open Access Policy

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Copyright

The authors have no competing interests.