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Abstract
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Article Information:
Phytochemical, Chromatographic and Antimicrobial Studies of the Ethanolic Extract of the Stem Bark of Pentaclethra macrophylla (African Oil Bean Tree)
O.B. Idonije, E.C. Asika, O.O. Okhiai and I.N. Nweke
Corresponding Author: O.B. Idonije
Submitted: 2011 May, 21
Accepted: 2011 July, 18
Published: 2011 December, 20 |
Abstract:
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We investigated the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Pentaclethra macroptyla for the presence
of several metabolic and antimicrobial activities and also trial runs were carried out to detect a solvent system
suitable for fractionation of the compounds present in the plant. Extraction was by the method of cold
maceration land evaporation and by a vacuum evap orator to get the dried concentrate. The following
compounds were present after the photochemical analysis: tannins alkaloids, glycosides, cyanogenicglycosides,
phenols and saponins. The antimicrobial studies included sensitivity and Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC). The organisms used include: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus nigger and Candida albicans.
Chloramphenicol was used as the standard drug and compared with the extract. The sensitivity test showed
that Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii and Staphylococcus
aureus were susceptible to the extract. Aspergillus nigger and Candida albicans were not susceptible. The
MIC result of the extract showed the least MIC value of 0.4467 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The result
for Bacillus subtilus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus were: 1.0471, 3.1189,
0.6309 and 3.1189, respectively. The Chromatographic studies carried out were to detect a suitable solvent
system that can be used to carry out further studies on the plant extract. The solvent system determined for
the plant extract in this study is ethylacetate: Ethanol solution in a ratio of 9:1. With this result fractionation
process of the plant extract was made easier. The findings of the present study justify the use of Pentaclethra
macrophylla in the treatment of various forms of infections. The ethanol extract may possess a degree of broad
spectrum antibiotic activities. The Phytochemical constituents may be contributing to this effect. Further work
is recommended to verify the therapeutic merits of the active constituents and to elucidate the exact
mechanism of action responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
Key words: Chromatography, ethanolic, flavoniods, metabolites, minimum inhibitory concentration, ,
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Cite this Reference:
O.B. Idonije, E.C. Asika, O.O. Okhiai and I.N. Nweke, . Phytochemical, Chromatographic and Antimicrobial Studies of the Ethanolic Extract of the Stem Bark of Pentaclethra macrophylla (African Oil Bean Tree). British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, (6): 283-289.
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ISSN (Online): 2044-2467
ISSN (Print): 2044-2459 |
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