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Abstract
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Article Information:
The Roles of Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins in Health and Disease
A.O. Ibegbu, I. Mullaney, L. Fyfe and D. MacBean
Corresponding Author: A.O. Ibegbu
Submitted: 2010 November, 27
Accepted: 2010 December, 18
Published: 2011 February, 10 |
Abstract:
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G-proteins are important mediators of cellular and tissue functions and are characterised by a
recognition site for Guanine Triphosphate (GTP), Guanine Diphosphate (GDP) and possess intrinsic GTPase
activity. They play important roles in signal transduction responsible for cytoskeletal remodelling, cellular
differentiation and vesicular transport. They are made up of three types namely, the small G-proteins, the
sensors and the heterotrimeric G-proteins. The G-protein heterotrimers consist of G-alpha (G"), G-beta (G$)
and G-gamma (G() subunits. Each heterotrimeric G-protein have different subunits and the combination of
these subunits define the specific role of each G -protein. The activation of G" subunits regulates the activity
of effector enzymes and ion channels while G$( subunits function in the regulation of mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAP-kinase) pathway. The G-protein-mediated signal transduction is important in the
regulation of a cells morphological and physiological response to external stimuli. MAPKs are involved in the
phosphorylation of transcription factors that stimulate gene transcription. G"s stimulates adenylate cyclase,
thereby increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) leading to the phosphorylation and subsequent
activation of Ca2+ channels. G proteins are involved in disease pathology through several mechanisms which
interfere with the G protein activity. Other disease pathologies associated with abnormal mutations in G
proteins can interfere with signal transduction pathways which may involve signal transmission that is either
excessive, by augmentation o f G protein function, or insufficient, via inactivation of G proteins.
Key words: Cyclic adenine monophosphate, effectors, G-protein, guanine diphosphate, guanine triphosphate, mitogen activated protein kinase,
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Abstract
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Cite this Reference:
A.O. Ibegbu, I. Mullaney, L. Fyfe and D. MacBean, . The Roles of Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins in Health and Disease. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, (1): 12-20.
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ISSN (Online): 2044-2467
ISSN (Print): 2044-2459 |
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