Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Financial System Development and Economic Growth the Nigerian Stock Market and Bank Perspective
Aigbovo Omoruyi and Uwubamwen Ahmed, Ede
Department of Banking and Finance, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Asian Journal of Business Management 2014 4:155-172
Received: September 05, 2014 | Accepted: October 05, 2014 | Published: October 15, 2014
Abstract
This study examines empirically the short-run and long-run relationships between financial system development and economic growth in Nigeria. The study adopted a multivariate OLS analysis for the estimation process, cointegration analysis for long-run equilibrium relationship and the associated error correction model to determine the short-run impact of the variables. The Granger causality test was used to determine the direction of causality among the variables. The findings of the study were that financial development (measured by banking system and stock market development) positively influenced economic growth in Nigeria; that causality runs from finance to growth in the finance-growth nexus. We therefore recommend that the ongoing reforms in the banking system and capital market should be intensified so as to boost the development of these segments of the financial system and by that increase their role in economic growth. Also the regulation and supervision of the financial system should be strengthened as it plays a great role in determining both its stability and the extent of the services provided.
Keywords:
Co-integration analysis, economic growth, financial systems, granger causality test, unit root test JEL,
References
-
Acaravci, S.K., I. Ozturk and A. Acaravcl, 2009. Financial development and economic growth: Literature survey and empirical evidence from sub-saharan African countries. S. Afr. J. Econ. Manag. S., 12(1): 11-27.
CrossRef -
Adam, C.S., 1992. Recent developments in econometric methods: An application to the demand for money in Kenya. Afr. Econ. Res. Consortium (AERC), 15(1): 1-52.
-
Adelakun, O.J., 2010. Financial sector development and economic growth in Nigeria. Int. J. Econ. Dev. Res. Invest., 1(1): 25-41.
-
Adenuga, A.O., 2010. Stock market development indicators and economic growth in Nigeria: Empirical investigation. Central Bank Nigeria Econ. Financ. Rev., 48(1): 21-32.
-
Adersen, S.A., 2003. The Influence and Effects of Financial Development on Economic Growth: An Empirical Approach. Working Paper No. 14, Chr. Michelsen Institute (Development Studies and Human Rights).
-
Agu, C.C. and J.O. Chukwu, 2008. Toda and Yamamoto causality tests between "Bank-based" financial deepening and economic growth in Nigeria. Eur. J. Soc. Sci., 7(2): 189-198.
-
Ahmad, H., 2005. The effect of banking sector and stock market development on the Malaysian economic growth: An Empirical Investigation. Ph.D. Thesis, Submitted to Department of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic Universiti, Malaysia.
-
Akinlo, A.E. and O. Akinlo, 2007. Financial development, money, public expenditure and national income in Nigeria. J. Soc. Econ. Dev., 1(3): 21-30.
-
Allen, D.S. and L. Ndikumana, 2000. Financial intermediation and economic growth in Southern Africa. J. Afr. Econ., 9(2): 132-160.
CrossRef -
Allen, F. and H. Oura, 2004. Sustained Economic Growth and the Financial System. Discussion Paper No. 2004-E-17, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan. Retrieved form: http://finance.wharton.upenn.edu/-allenf/download/Vita/sustained.pdf. (Accessed on: Sep. 26, 2012)
-
Al-Yousif, Y.K., 2000. Does government expenditure inhibit or promote economic growth: Another look at the evidence from developing countries. Rev. Financ. Econ., 11(1): 131-150.
-
Apergis, N., I. Filippidis and C. Economidou, 2007. Financial deepening and economic growth linkages: A panel data analysis. Rev. World Econ., 143(1): 179-198.
CrossRef -
Arestis, P., P.O. Demetriades and K.B. Luintel, 2001. Financial development and economic growth: The role of stock markets. J. Money Credit Bank., 33(1): 16-41.
CrossRef -
Aslan, A., 2008. Financial Development and Economic growth: A Panel Cointegration Analysis of Middle East Countries: MPRA Paper No. 10593, Germany. Retrieved form: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/ 10593/1/MPRA�_paper_10593.pdf. (Accessed on: Sep. 12, 2012)
Direct Link -
Atje, R. and B. Jovanovic, 1993. Stock markets and development. Eur. Econ. Rev., 37(1): 632-640.
CrossRef -
Ayadi, O.F., E.O. Adegbite and F.S. Ayadi, 2008. Structural adjustment, financial sector development and economic prosperity in Nigeria. Int. J. Financ. Econ., 15(1): 21-34.
-
Azarmi, T., D. Lazar and J. Jeyapaul, 2005. Is the Indian stock market a casino? J. Bus. Econ. Res., 3(4): 63-72.
-
Aziakpono, M.J., 2008. The depth of financial integration and its effects on financial development and economic performance of the SACU countries. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Economics, University of Free State.
-
Beck, T. and R. Levine, 2002. Industry growth and capital allocation: Does having a Market or Bank-based system matter? J. Financ. Econ., 64(2): 147-180.
CrossRef -
Beck, T. and R. Levine, 2004. Stock markets, banks and growth: Panel evidence. J. Bank. Financ., 28(3): 423-442.
CrossRef -
Bencivenga, V.A. and B.D. Smith, 1991. Financial intermediation and endogenous growth. Rev. Econ. Stud., 58(2): 195-209.
CrossRef -
Bencivenga, V.R., B. Smith and R.M. Starr, 1996. Equity markets, transactions costs and capital accumulation: An illustration. World Bank Econ. Rev., 10: 241-265.
CrossRef -
Blackburn, K., N. Bose and S. Capasso, 2005. Financial development, financing choice and economic growth. Rev. Dev. Econ., 9(1): 135-149.
CrossRef -
Boca, G.N.A., 2011. Financial development, institutions and economic growth: An empirical evidence. M.Sc. Thesis, Submitted to Jonkoping University.
-
Bolbol, A.A., A. Fatheldin and M.M. Omran, 2005. Financial development, structure and economic growth: The case of Egypt, 1974-2002. Res. Int. Bus. Financ., 19(1): 171-194.
CrossRef -
Boyd, J.H. and B.D. Smith, 1992. Intermediation and equilibrium allocation of investment capital implications for economic development. J. Monetary Econ., 30 (3): 409-432.
CrossRef -
Boyd, J.H. and E.C. Prescott, 1986. Financial intermediary-coalitions. J. Econ. Theory, 38(1): 211-232.
CrossRef -
Chakraborty, I., 2008. Does financial development cause economic growth? The case of India. S. Asia Econ. J., 9(1): 109-139.
CrossRef -
Chakraborty, S. and T. Ray, 2006. Bank-based versus market-based financial systems: A growth theoretical approach. J. Monetary Econ., 53(2): 329-350.
CrossRef -
Chinaemerem, O.C. and E.E. Chigbu, 2012. An evaluation of financial development and economic growth of Nigeria: A causality test. Arab. J. Bus. Manage. Rev., 1(10): 27-44.
-
Choe, C. and I.A. Moosa, 1999. Financial system and economic growth: The Korean experience. World Dev., 27(6): 1069-1082.
CrossRef -
Choong, C.K., Z. Yusop, S.H. Law and V.K.S. Liew, 2005. Financial development and economic growth in Malaysia: The perspective of the stock market. Invest. Manage. Financ. Innovat., 2(5): 105-115.
-
Christopoulos, D.K. and E.G. Tsionas, 2004. Financial development and economic growth Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests. J. Dev. Econ., 73(1): 55-74.
CrossRef -
Claus, I., V. Jacobsen and B. Jera, 2004. Financial Systems and Economic Growth: An Evaluation Framework for Policy. Working Paper 04/17, New Zealand Treasury. Retrieved form: http://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/reserach-policy/wp/2004/04-17/twp04-17.pdf. (Accessed on: Sep. 27, 2012).
-
Donwa, P. and J. Odia, 2010. An empirical analysis of the impact of the Nigerian capital market on her socio-economic development. J. Soc. Sci., 24(2): 135-142.
CrossRef -
Demirguc-Kunt, A. and R. Levine, 1996. Stock market development and financial intermediaries: Stylized facts. World Econ. Rev., 10(2): 291-321.
CrossRef -
Dritsaki, C. and M. Dritsaki-Bargota, 2005. The causal relationship between stock, credit market and economic development: An empirical evidence for Greece. Econ. Change Restruct., 38(2): 113-127.
CrossRef -
Engle, R.F. and C.W.J. Granger, 1987. Cointegration and error correction representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55(1): 231-276.
-
Ferreira da Silva, G., 2002. The impact of the financial system development on business cycle volatility: Cross-country evidence. J. Macroecon., 24: 233-253.
CrossRef -
Filer, R.K., J. Hanousek and N.F. Campos, 1999. Do Stock Markets Promote Economic Growth? Working Paper No. 267, William Davidson Institute, University of Michigan. Retrieved form: http://wdi.umich.edu/files/publications/workingpapers/wp267.pdf. (Accessed on: Sep. 27, 2012)
-
Frank, A.G., 2007. Financial deepening in South Africa: Toward an architecture that stimulates growth. Afr. Financ. J., 9(2): 26-36.
-
Fry, M.J., 1988. Money, Interest and Banking in Economic Development. John Hopkins University Press, John Hopkins Studies in Development Series Baltimore and London.
-
Ghali, K.H., 1999. Financial development and economic growth: The Tunisian experience. Rev. Dev. Econ., 3(3): 310-322.
CrossRef -
Ghirmay, T., 2004. Financial development and economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries: Evidence from time series analysis. Afr. Dev. Rev., 16(3): 415-432.
CrossRef -
Gillman, M. and M.N. Harris, 2004. Inflation, financial Development and Growth in Transition Countries. Working Paper No. 23/04, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash University, Australia.
-
Gondo, J., 2009. Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from South Africa, 1970-1999. Proceeding of Annual Western Cape Economics Postgraduate Student Conference. Stellenbosch.
-
Goodhart, C.A.E., 2005. Introduction to financial markets. South African Institute of Financial Markets (SAIFM), Material for the Registered Persons Examination (RPE).
-
Granger, C.W.J., 1969. Investigating causal relation by econometric models and cross spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3): 424-438.
CrossRef -
Greenwood, J. and B. Jovanovic, 1990. Financial development, growth and the distribution of income. J. Polit. Econ., 98(5): 1076-1107.
CrossRef -
Hermes, N. and R. Lensink, 1996. Financial development and economic growth: Theory and Experiences from Developing Countries. Routledge, London.
PMCid:PMC1160861 -
Holtz-Eakin, D., W. Neweym and H. Rosen, 1989. Implementing Causality Tests with Panel Data, with an Example from Local Public Finance. NBER Technical Working Paper No. 48. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, M.A.
-
Hondroyiannis, G., S. Lolos and E. Papapetrou, 2005. Financial markets and economic growth in Greece, 1986-1999. J. Int. Financ. Market. Inst. Money, 15(92): 173-188.
CrossRef -
Ibrahim, A.S., 2012. Financial intermediation and economic growth in Nigeria. Brit. J. Arts Soc. Sci., 4(1): 2046-9578.
-
Jalil, A., M. Feridun and Y. Ma, 2010. Finance-growth nexus in China revisited: New evidence from principal components and ARDL bound tests. Int. Rev. Econ. Financ., 19(2): 189-195.
CrossRef -
Jappelli, T. and M. Pagano, 1994. Savings growth and liquidity constraints. Q. J. Econ., 109(2): 83-110.
CrossRef -
Johnansen, S. and K. Juselius, 1990. Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration, with application to the demand for money. Oxford B. Econ. Stat., 52(2): 169-210.
CrossRef -
Kemel, A.R., Q. Abdul and M.N. Hanif, 2007. Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from a heterogeneous panel of high income countries. Lahore J. Econ., 12(1): 1-34.
-
King, R.G. and R. Levine, 1993a. Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right. Q. J. Econ., 108: 717-737.
CrossRef -
Kiran, B., N.C. Yavuz and B. Guris, 2009. Financial development and economic growth: A panel data analysis of emerging countries. Int. Res. J. Financ. Econ., 30(2): 87-94.
-
Law, S.H., 2004. Banks, stock markets and economic performance: Panel data evidence from developing countries. Labuan Bull. Int. Bus. Financ., 2(1): 9-29.
-
Levine, R. and S. Zervos, 1998. Stock markets, banks and economic growth. Am. Econ. Rev., 88(3): 537-558.
-
Levine, R., 2002. Bank-based or Market-based Financial Systems: Which is Better? NBER Working Paper No. 9138. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
-
Mariotti, M., 2002. An examination of the impact of economic policy on long-run economic growth: An application of a VECM structure to a middle-income context. S. Afr. J. Econ., 70(4): 688-724.
CrossRef -
McKinnon, R., 1973. Money and Capital in Economic Development. 1st Edn., Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
PMCid:PMC1355544 -
Msuku, M.T., 2009. Financial development and economic growth: The Malawian Stock Market and Bank perspective. M.A. Thesis, Eastern and Southern Africa and Maastricht School, Institute of Management. Arusha, 6201 BE Maastrich Tanzania.
-
Naceur, S.B. and S. Ghazouani, 2007. Stock markets, banks and economic growth: Empirical evidence from the MENA region. Res. Int. Bus. Financ., 21(2): 297-315.
CrossRef -
Ndako, U.B., 2010. Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria. IUP J. Financ. Econ., 8(4): 37-58.
-
Ndebbio, J.E.U., 2004. Financial Deepening, Economic Growth and Development: Evidence from Selected sub-Saharan African Countries. African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) Research Paper No. 142, Nairobi, August.
-
Neusser, K. and M. Kugler, 1998. Manufacturing growth and financial development: Evidence from Oecd countries. Rev. Econ. Statistics, 80(2): 638-646.
CrossRef -
Ngongan, E., 2007. The impact of public deficit on private savings: The case of Central African Economic and Monetary Community (AEMC) countries. J. Sustain. Dev. Afr., 9(1): 20-36.
-
Odedokun, M.O., 1996. Alternative econometric approaches for analyzing the role of the financial sector in economic growth: Time-series evidence from LDCs. J. Dev. Econ., 50(3): 119-146.
CrossRef -
Odedokun, M.O., 1998. Financial intermediation and economic growth in developing countries. J. Econ. Stud., 25(3): 203-224.
CrossRef -
Odeniran, O.S. and A.E. Udeaja, 2010. Financial sector development and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Central Bank Nigeria Econ. Financ. Rev., 48(3): 21-30.
-
Odhiambo, N.M., 2010. Stock market development and economic growth in South Africa: An ARDL-bounds testing approach. Proceeding of the Annual American Business Research Conference. Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
-
Ogun, O.D., 1986. A note on financial deepening and economic growth: Evidence from Africa. Niger. J. Econ. Soc. Stud., 28(2): 275-586.
-
Padachi, K., B. Seetanah and R. Durbarry, 2007. Financial development and economic growth in Africa: A dynamic panel data analysis. Int. J. Bus. Res., 7: 145.
-
Pagano, M., 1993. Financial markets and growth: An overview. Eur. Econ. Rev., 37(2-3): 613-622.
CrossRef -
Romm, A.T., 2003. The relationship between savings and growth in South Africa: An empirical study. Proceeding of the Trade and Industrial Policy Strategies (TIPS) Forum, Johannesburg, South Africa.
-
Rousseau, P.L. and P. Wachtel, 2000. Equity markets and growth: Cross-country evidence on timing and outcomes, 1980- 1985. J. Bank. Financ., 24(2): 1933- 1957.
CrossRef -
Schumpeter, J.A., 1911. The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
-
Shaw, E.S., 1973. Financial Deepening in Economic Development. Oxford University Press, New York.
-
Singh, A., 1997. Financial liberalization, stock markets and economic development. Econ. J., 107(1): 771-782.
CrossRef -
Spearman, C., 1904. The proof and measurement of association between two things. Am. J. Psychol., 15: 72-101.
CrossRef -
Starkey, R., 2010. Financial system development and economic growth in selected African countries: Evidence from a panel cointegration analysis. M.A. Thesis, Department of Economics and History, Rhodes University, South Africa.
-
Stiglitz, J.E., 1985. Credit markets and the control of capital. J. Money Credit Bank., 17(1): 133-152.
CrossRef -
Vazadikis, A. and A. Adamopoulos, 2009. Stock market development and economic growth. Am. J. Appl. Sci., 6(11): 1933-1941.
-
Yucel, F., 2009. Causal relationships between financial development, trade openness and economic growth: The case of Turkey. J. Soc. Sci., 5(1): 33-42.
CrossRef
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
|
|
 |
ISSN (Online): 2041-8752
ISSN (Print): 2041-8744 |
 |
Information |
|
|
|
Sales & Services |
|
|
|