Abstract

An efficient Ultrasonic and Microwave Assisted Extraction (UMAE) was developed to extract total flavonoids from the Arctium lappa L. boot. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) combined Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize extraction condition based on the yield of total flavonoids. The optimal condition was identified: ethanol concentration, 59% (v/v); liquid/ratio ratio, 50 mL/g; ultrasound time, 3000 sec and microwave power 480 W. The predicted total flavonoids extraction yield of 0.473 g RUE/100 g DW was obtained under optimized UMAE conditions.

Keywords:

Burdock root, extraction, flavonoids, response surface methodology,

References

1. Bezerra, M.A., R.E. Santelli, E.P. Oliveira, L.S. Villar and L.A. Escaleira, 2008. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta, 76(5): 965-977.
   CrossRef    PMid:18761143    
2. Camel, V., 2000. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of environmental samples. Trend. Anal. Chem., 19(4): 229-248.
   CrossRef    
3. Chan, C.H., R. Yusoff, G.C. Ngoh and F.W.L. Kung, 2011a. Microwave-assisted extractions of active ingredients from plants. J. Chromatogr. A, 1218(37): 6213-6225.
   CrossRef    PMid:21820119    
4. Chan, Y.S., L.N. Cheng, J.H. Wu, E. Chan, Y.W. Kwan, S.M.Y. Lee, G.P.H. Leung, P.H.F. Yu and S.W. Chan, 2011b. A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology, 19(5): 245-54.
   CrossRef    PMid:20981575    
5. Han, Z., M. Wang, L. Wang, H. Qu, P. Li and C. Wang, 2013. Chemical analysis of burdock root constituents. Asian J. Chem., 25(5): 2573-2576.
   
6. Liu, W., Y. Yu, R. Yang, C. Wan, B. Xu and S. Cao, 2010. Optimization of total flavonoid compound extraction from gynura medica leaf using response surface methodology and chemical composition analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11(11): 4750-4763.
   CrossRef    PMid:21151469 PMCid:PMC3000113    
7. Liyana-Pathirana, C. and F. Shahidi, 2005. Optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat using response surface methodology. Food Chem., 93(1): 47-56.
   CrossRef    
8. Lou, Z., H. Wang, S. Zhu, S. Chen, M. Zhang and Z. Wang, 2012. Ionic liquids based simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from burdock leaves. Anal. Chim. Acta, 716: 28-33.
   CrossRef    PMid:22284874    
9. Mao, W.H., L.J. Han and B. Shi, 2008. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoid from Radix Astragali using response surface methodology. Separ. Sci. Technol., 43(3): 671-681.
   CrossRef    
10. Matsumoto, S., R.M. Varela, M. Palma, J.M.G. Molinillo, I.S. Lima, C.G. Barroso and F.A. Macias, 2014. Bio-guided optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of compounds from Annona glabra L. leaves using the etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay. Ultrason. Sonochem., 21(4): 1578-1584.
    CrossRef    PMid:24556321    
11. Miyamoto, K., M. Nomura, M. Sasakura, E. Matsui, R. Koshiura, T. Murayama, T. Furukawa, T. Hatano, T. Yoshida and T. Okuda, 1993. Antitumor activity of oenothein B, a unique macrocyclic ellagitannin. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 84(1): 99-103.
    CrossRef    PMid:8449833    
12. Morita, T., K. Ebihara and S. Kiriyama, 1993. Dietary fiber and fat-derivatives prevent mineral oil toxicity in rats by the same mechanism. J. Nutr., 123(9): 1575-85.
    PMid:8395595    
13. Shao, P., J. He, P. Sun and P. Zhao, 2012. Analysis of conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of total water-soluble flavonoids from Perilla frutescens leaves. J. Food Sci. Technol., 49(1): 66-73.
    CrossRef    PMid:23572827 PMCid:PMC3550879    
14. Spigno, G. and D.M. De Faveri, 2009. Microwave-assisted extraction of tea phenols: A phenomenological study. J. Food Eng., 93(2): 210-217.
    CrossRef    
15. Tamayo, C., M.A. Richardson, S. Diamond and I. Skoda, 2000. The chemistry and biological activity of herbs used in Flor-Essence (TM) herbal tonic and Essiac (TM). Phytother. Res., 14(1): 1-14.
    CrossRef    
16. Tousch, D., L.P.R. Bidel, G. Cazals, K. Ferrare, J. Leroy, M. Faucanie, H. Chevassus, M. Tournier, A.D. Lajoix and J. Azay-Milhau, 2014. Chemical analysis and antihyperglycemic activity of an original extract from burdock root (Arctium lappa). J. Agr. Food. Chem., 62(31): 7738-7745.
    CrossRef    PMid:24933284    
17. Yang, L., Y.L. Cao, J.G. Jiang, Q.S. Lin, J. Chen and L. Zhu, 2010. Response surface optimization of ultrasound-assisted flavonoids extraction from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. J. Sep. Sci., 33(9): 1349-1355.
    PMid:20309902    

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

Open Access Policy

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Copyright

The authors have no competing interests.