Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Extraction and Chemical Composition of Seed Kernel Oil from Irvingia smithii of Congo Basin
1, 2B.W. Loumouamou, 1J.P.M. Gomoufatan, 1, 2T. Silou, 3, 4J.M. Nzikou, 1G.V. Mbaya Gindo, 5G. Figueredo and 6J.P. Chalard
1Equipe Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Alimentation et Nutrition: Pôle d’Excellence Régional en Alimentation et Nutrition B.P: 389, Faculté des Sciences, Brazzaville, Congo
2Ecole Supérieure de Technologie des Cataractes
3Laboratoire de Physicochimie et de Biotechnologie Alimentaires: Pole d’Excellence Régional en Alimentation et Nutrition
4ENSAIA-INPL, Laboratory of Engineering and Biomolecule, 2, Avenue de la
Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
5LEXVA Analytique, 460 rue du Montant, 63540 Romagnat, France
6Laboratoire de Chimie des Hétérocycles et des Glucides, Chimie des Huiles Essentielles, Campus des Cezeaux, Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont Ferrand, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013 5:506-513
Received: June 07, 2012 | Accepted: July 18, 2012 | Published: May 05, 2013
Abstract
This study is part of a wider program on the development of oilseeds in the Congo Basin and its aim was to contribute to the knowledge of Irvingia smithii kernel by studying his chemical composition following the example of those of Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombulu. Irvingia smithii kernel, like those of Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombulu is multipurpose, however, less known than the latter. The assessment of oilseeds of the kernel of Irvingia smithii showed that it is oleaginous with fat contents of about 55%. The fatty acid profile established by gas chromatography showed that the lauric acid content is higher than that of myristic acid (% C12: 0>% C14: 0) and both have a percentage of the total fatty acid content of nearly 90%. Palmitic acid (C16: 0), the third major constituent has nearly 5%. Oleic (C18: 1) and capric (C10: 0) acids have significant levels and palmitoleic (C16: 1) and stearic (C18: 0) acids are to trace. Triacylglycerol profile established by liquid chromatography coupled to the Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) has three major TAG (% LaLaM >% LAMM >% LaLaLa), one minor TAG (MMM) and two TAG to trace (CLaLa and MMP). Fats of Irvingia smithii studied have levels of unsaponifiables ranging from 1.25 to 2.97% with the major components such as beta-sitosterol (36%) and stigmasterol (18%). For macronutrients, the most abundant element is Magnesium While the Iron is the least abundant with the following decreasing profile: Mg>P>Ca>Fe. Spectrometric assessment of color led to the remarkable presence of the peaks relating to the absorption of carotenoids and chlorophyll pigments located between 630 and 670 nm.
Keywords:
Congo basin, fatty acid, Irvingia smithii, nutrients, , oil content, triacylglycerol, unsaponifiable,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2042-4876
ISSN (Print): 2042-4868 |
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