Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Antioxidative Activity of Exopolysaccharide Extract from Fermented Wheat Distillers'dried Grains Using UV-Irradiation Degradation Pretreatment by Preussia aemulans
1Yiting Li, 2Shili Meng, 2Linbo Wang, 2Yuepeng Wang, 3Xiaoyan Zu, 2Yingnan Yang and 2Zhenya Zhang
1Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
2Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
3Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014 9:1067-1075
Received: April ‎29, ‎2014 | Accepted: May ‎25, ‎2014 | Published: September 10, 2014
Abstract
A novel approach for utilizing wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles (DDGS) to produce exopolysaccharide by Preussia aemulans was explored. For degrading the insoluble polymer of wheat DDGS, the UV-irradiation method was used. After irradiation of 24 h, the soluble saccharide content of wheat DDGS medium was increased by 67%. The optimum fermentation conditions were: 5% (w/v) of fructose, 0.5% (w/v) of yeast extract, 7.5 of pH value, 5% (v/v) of the inoculum size, 60 rpm of shaking condition and 5 days of the fermentation time. The maximum exopolysaccharides yield of fermented broth under the optimum fermentation conditions was 3.51±0.24 g/L. Comparing with the unfermented wheat DDGS water extract, the exopolysaccharide yield of fermented broth was increased by 36%. The crude exopolysaccharide (EPS) indicated remarkable antioxidative activities though four antioxidant assays. Therefore, the crude EPS could be utilized as antioxidative food additives and functional feed in the future.
Keywords:
Antioxidative activity, Cordyceps sinensis, Fermentation, Preussia aemulans, UV-irradiation, Wheat dried distillers,
References
-
Bi, J., Q.L. Yang, J. Sun, J. Chen and J. Zhang, 2011. Study on ultrasonic extraction technology and oxidation resistance of total flavonoids from peanut hull. Food Sci. Technol. Res., 17: 187-198.
CrossRef - Blois, M., 2002. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 26: 1199-2000.
CrossRef
-
Chatchai, T., K. Saranyu, C. Khajeelak, S. Chantragan and S. Rakrudee, 2011. Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of crude polysaccharides from Lentinus polychrous Lév. Food Chem., 128: 634-639.
CrossRef
- Chen, Y.J., M.S. Shiao, S.S. Lee and S.Y. Wang, 1997. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells. Life Sci., 60: 2349-2359.
CrossRef
- Decker, E. and B. Welch, 1990. Role of ferritin as a lipid oxidation catalyst in muscle food. J. Agr. Food Chem., 38: 674-677.
CrossRef
- Greter, A.M., G.B. Penner, E.C. Davis and M. Oba, 2008. Effect of replacing corn dry distillers grains' with triticale dry distillers' grains on lactation performance and plasma metabolites. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 88: 129-132.
CrossRef
- Guo, S.D., W.J. Mao, Y. Han, X.H. Zhang, C.L. Yang, Y. Chen, Y.L. Chen, J. Xu, H.Y. Li, X.H. Qi and J.C. Xu, 2010. Structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of the extracellular polysaccharides produced by marine bacterium Edwardsiella tarda. Bioresource Technol., 101: 4729-4732.
CrossRef PMid:20156684
-
Hajar, I.I., W.C. Kim, A.M. Abdalbasit and I. Maznah, 2010. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) methanolic extracts. Food Chem., 119: 643-647.
CrossRef
- Jia, Z.S., M.C. Tan and J.M. Wu, 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem., 64: 555-559.
CrossRef
- Kanekiyo, K., J.B. Lee, K. Hayashi, H. Takenaka, Y. Hayakawa, S. Endo and T. Hayashi, 2005. Isolation of an antiviral polysaccharide, nostoflan, from a terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc flagelliforme. J. Nat. Prod., 68: 1037-1041.
CrossRef PMid:16038544
- Heim, K.E., A.R. Tagliaferro and D.J. Bobilya, 2002. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J. Nutr. Biochem., 13: 572-584.
CrossRef
- Kondo, K., R. Hirano, A. Matsumoto, O. Igarashi and H. Itakura, 1996. Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa. Lancet, 348: 1514-1518.
CrossRef
- Krizkova, L., I. Zitnanova, D. Mislovicova, J. Masarova, V. Sasinkova and Z. Durackova, 2006. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of mannan neoglycoconjugates: Mannan-human serum albumin and mannan-penicillin Gacylase. Mutat. Res-Gen. Tox. En., 606: 72-79.
CrossRef PMid:16677851
- Leung, P.H., S. Zhao, K.P. Ho and J.Y. Wu, 2009. Chemical properties and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides from mycelial culture of Cordyceps sinensis fungus Cs-HK1. Food Chem., 114: 1251-1256.
CrossRef
- Masuko, T., A. Minami, N. Iwasaki, T. Majima, S.I. Nishimaru and Y.C. Lee, 2005. Carbohydrate analysis by a phenol-sulfuric acid method in microplate format. Anal. Biochem., 339: 69-72.
CrossRef PMid:15766712
-
Mau, J.L., H.C. Lin and S.F. Song, 2002. Antioxidant properties of several specialty mushrooms. Food Res. Int., 35: 519-526.
CrossRef
- Mazur, A., D. Bayle, C. Lab, E. Rock and Y. Rayssiguier, 1999. Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro. Atherosclerosis, 145: 421- 422.
PMid:10488973
- Miranda, C.C., R.F. Dekker, J.M. Serpeloni, E.A. Fonseca, I.M. Cólus and A.M. Barbosa, 2008. Anticlastogenic activity exhibited by botryosphaeran, a new exopolysaccharide produced by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 42: 172-177.
CrossRef PMid:18022685
- Mohsen, M.S.A., M.A. Youssri and F.R. Mohamed, 2009. Chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide fractions from Microbacterium terregens. Carbohyd. Polym., 77: 563-567.
CrossRef
-
Penner, G.B., P. Yu and D.A. Christensen, 2009. Effect of replacing forage or concentrate with wet or dry distillers'grains on the productivity and chewing activity of dairy cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 153: 1-10.
CrossRef
- Rasco, B.A., F.M. Dong, A.E. Hashisaka, S.S. Gazzaz, S.E. Downey and M.L. San Buenaventura, 1987. Chemical composition of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) from soft white wheat, hard red wheat and corn. J. Food Sci., 52: 236-237.
CrossRef
- Re, R., N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang and C. Rice-Evans, 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization. Free Radical. Bio. Med., 26: 1231-1237.
CrossRef
- Rice, E.C., N.J. Miller, G.P. Bolwell, P.M. Bramley and J.B. Pridham, 1995. The relative antioxidants activities of plant-derived poly-phenolic flavonoids. Free Radical Res., 22: 375-383.
CrossRef
-
Seviour, R.J., S.J. Stasinopoulos, D.P.F. Auer and P.A. Gibbs, 1992. Production of pullulan and other exopolysaccharides by filamentous fungi. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 12: 279-298.
CrossRef
-
Shi, M., Y.N. Yang, Y.T. Li, Y.P. Wang and Z.Y. Zhang, 2011. Optimum condition of ecologic feed fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus using soybean curd re sidue as raw materials. Int. J. Biol., 3: 2-12.
CrossRef
- Smirnoff, N. and Q. Cumbes, 1989. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry, 28: 1057-1060.
CrossRef
- Sun, H.H., W.J. Mao, Y. Chen, S.D. Guo, H.Y. Li, X.H. Qi, Y.L. Chen and J. Xu, 2009. Isolation, chemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of the polysaccharides from marine fungus Penicillium sp. F23-2. Carbohyd. Polym., 78: 117-124.
CrossRef
-
Tachakittirungrod, S., S. Okonogi and S. Chowwanapoonpohn, 2007. Study on antioxidant activity of certain plants in Thailand: Mechanism of antioxidant action of guava leaf extract. Food Chem., 103: 381-388.
CrossRef
- Wang, Z.J. and D.H. Luo, 2007. Antioxidant activities of different fractions of polysaccharide purified from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino. Carbohyd. Polym., 68: 54-58.
CrossRef
-
Xu, R.H., X.E. Peng, G.Z. Chen and G.L. Chen, 1992. Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on natural killer activity and colony formation of B16 melanoma. Chinese Med. J-Peking, 105: 97-101.
-
Yang, J.Y., W.Y. Zhang, P.H. Shi, J.P. Chen, X.D. Han and Y. Wang, 2005. Effects of exopolysaccharide fraction (EPSF) from a cultivated Cordyceps sinensis fungui on c-Myc, c-Fos and VEGF expression in B16 melanoma-bearing mice. Pathol. Res. Pract., 201: 745-750.
CrossRef PMid:16325517
- Yen, G.C., P.D. Duh and H.L. Tsai, 2002. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of ascorbic acid and gallic acid. Food Chem., 79: 307-313.
CrossRef
- Yu, Z. and J.X. He, 1998. Study of water extract of Cordyceps sinensis on antiperoxidation. Res. Tradit. Chinese Med., 14: 51-52.
- Zhang, W.Y., J. Li, S.Q. Qiu, J.P. Chen and Y. Zheng, 2008. Effects of the exopolysaccharide fraction (EPSF) from a cultivated Cordyceps sinensis on immunocytes of H22 tumor bearing mice. Fitoterapia, 79: 168-173.
CrossRef PMid:18180114
- Zhang, Y.J., B.D. Sun, S. Zhang, M. Wang, X.Z. Liu and W.F. Gong, 2010. Mycobiotal investigation of natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis based on culture-dependent investigation. Mycosystema, 29: 518-527.
- Zhu, J.S., G.M. Halpern and K. Jones, 1998. The scientific rediscovery of an ancient Chinese herbal medicine: Cordyceps sinensis: Part I. J. Altern. Complem. Med., 4: 289-303.
CrossRef PMid:9764768
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
|
|
![](http://www.maxwellsci.com/images/AJFST-maxw.jpg) |
ISSN (Online): 2042-4876
ISSN (Print): 2042-4868 |
![Submit Manuscript](../images/sub.jpg) |
Information |
|
|
|
Sales & Services |
|
|
|