Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Effect of Sprouting on Amino Acids, Protein Solubility and Availability in Green and White Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Yuwei Luo, Xiaoxiao Jin, Zhenping Hao, Qian Wang, Limei Zhu and Yijian He
College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, 210038, Nanjing, P.R. China
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014 4:531-536
Received: January 10, 2014 | Accepted: January 25, 2014 | Published: April 10, 2014
Abstract
The changes in crude protein, free amino acids, amino acid composition, protein solubility, protein fractionation and protein availability after sprouting of faba bean were investigated. Green and white faba bean were soaked for 20 h followed by germination for 72 h; the results revealed that crude protein and free amino acids in raw faba beans ranged from 8.72 to 10.54% and 0.76 to 1.21 mg/g, respectively. After sprouting, crude protein was decreased and free amino acids were increased. There was an increase in content of valine and phenylalanine amino acids after sprouting. On the other hand, there was a decrease in most of amino acids after sprouting. After sprouting protein solubility was significantly increased. Regarding protein fractions, there was an increase in albumin, globulin, kafirin and glutelin proteins and a decrease in cross linked kafirin and cross linked glutelin after sprouting.
Keywords:
Availability, faba bean, solubility, sprouting,
References
-
Abdel Moueium, Z.S., A.H. El Tinay and A.H. Abdalla, 1996. Effect of germination on protein fractions of corn cultivars [J]. Food Chem., 51: 381-384.
CrossRef -
Abu Baker, A.A., A.H. El Tinay and A.A. Yagoub, 2010. Protein content and digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)-based fermented gruel: Effect of supplementation with soybean protein [J]. Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 9: 1495-1501.
- Akeson, W.R. and A.A. Stahmanna, 1964. Pepsin pancreatin digest index of protein [J]. J. Nutr., 83: 257-261.
CrossRef PMid:14191426
- AOAC, 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 17th Edn., In: Horwitz, W. (Ed.), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.
-
Bau, H.M., C. Villaume, J.P. Nicolas and L. Mejean, 1997. Effects of germination on chemical composition, biochemical constituents and antinutritional factors of soya bean seeds [J]. J. Sci. Food Agric., 73: 1-9.
CrossRef
- Chavan, J.K., S.S. Kadam and D.K. Salunkhe, 1981. Changes in tannin, free amino acids, reducing sugars and starch during seed germination of low and high tannin cultivars of sorghum [J]. J. Food Sci., 46: 638-639.
CrossRef
- Chung, K.T., T.Y. Wong, C.I. Wei, Y.W. Huang and Y. Lin, 1998. Tannins and human health: A review [J]. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 38: 421-464.
CrossRef PMid:9759559 Direct Link
- Coles, L.T., P.J. Moughan and A.J. Darragh, 2005. In vitro digestion and fermentation methods, including gas production techniques, as applied to nutritive evaluation of foods in the hindgut of humans and other simple-stomached animals [J]. Anim. Food Sci. Tech., 124: 421-444.
CrossRef
- Concepcion, V.V., F. Juana, S. Isabel, B. Inmaculada, L. Fernand and Y.H. Kuo, 2002. New functional legume foods by germination: Effect on the nutritive value of beans, lentils and peas [J]. Eur. Food Res. Tech., 215: 472-477.
CrossRef
- Correia, I., A. Nunes, A.S. Barros and I. Delgadillo, 2010. Comparison of the effects induced by different processing methods on sorghum proteins [J]. J. Cereal Sci., 51: 146-151.
CrossRef
- Ebadi, M.R., J. Pourreza, J. Jamalian, M.A. Edriss and A.H. Samie, 2005. Amino acid content and availability in low, medium and high tannin faba bean for poultry [J]. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 41: 27-31.
- Ejeta, G., M.M. Hassen and E.T. Mertz, 1987. In vitro digestibility and amino acid composition of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and other cereals [J]. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84: 6016-6019.
CrossRef PMid:3476923
- El-Beltagi, H.S., 2011. Effect of roasting treatments on protein fraction profiles, some enzyme activities of Egyptian peanuts [J]. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 62: 453-456.
CrossRef PMid:21338250
- Elemo, G.N., B.O. Elemo and J.N.C. Okafor, 2011. Preparation and nutritional compostion of a weaning food formulated from germinated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and steamed cooked cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) [J]. Anim. J. Food Tech., 6: 413-421.
CrossRef
- Elkhalifa, A.O. and R. Bernhardt, 2010. Influence of grain germination on functional properties of sorghum flour [J]. Food Chem., 121: 387-392.
CrossRef
-
Fageer, A.S.M., E.E. Babiker and A.H. El Tinay, 2004. Effect of malt pretreatment and/or cooking on phytate and essential amino acid and in vitro protein digestibility of corn flour [J]. Food Chem., 83: 261-265.
CrossRef
-
Ghavidel, R.A. and J. Prakash, 2007. The impact of germination and dehulling on nutrients, antinutrients, in vitro iron and calcium bioavailability and in vitro starch and protein digestibility of some legume seeds [J]. LWT- Food Sci. Technol., 40: 1292-1299.
CrossRef
- Hur, S.J., B.O. Lim, E.A. Decker and D.J. McClements, 2011. In vitro human digestion models for food applications [J]. Food Chem., 125: 1-12.
CrossRef
- Johnson, W.B., W.S. Ratnayake, D.S. Jackson, K. Lee and T.J. Herrman, 2010. Factors affecting the alkaline cooking performance of selected bean and sorghum hybrids [J]. Cereal Chem., 87: 524-531.
CrossRef
-
Khalil, A.W., A. Zeb, F. Mahmood, S. Tariq, A.B. Khattak and H. Shah, 2007. Comparison of sprout quality characteristics of desi and kabuli type chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) [J]. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 40: 937-945.
- Landry, J. and T. Moureaux, 1970. Heterogeneity of corn seed glutelin: selective extraction and amino acid composition of the 3 isolated fractions [J]. Bull. Soc. Chem. Biol., 52: 1021-1037.
- Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall, 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent [J]. J. Biol. Chem., 187: 265-257.
PMid:14907713
-
Luo, Y.W. and W.H. Xie, 2014. Effect of soaking and sprouting on iron and zinc availability in green and white faba bean (Vicia faba L.) [J]. J. Food Sci. Tech., DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0921-7.
CrossRef PMid:25477668 PMCid:PMC4252429
- Luo, Y.W., W.H. Xie and F.X. Luo, 2012. Effect of several germination treatments on phosphatases activities and degradation of phytate in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) [J]. J. Food Sci., 77: 1023-1029.
CrossRef PMid:22938099
- Luo, Y.W., Z.X. Gu, Y.H. Han and Z.G. Chen, 2009a. The impact of processing on phytic acid, in vitro soluble iron and Phy/Fe molar ratio of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) [J]. J. Sci. Food Agr., 89: 861-866.
CrossRef
-
Luo, Y.W., W.H. Xie, C.Y. Xie, Y. Li and Z.X. Gu, 2009b. Impact of soaking and phytase treatments on phytic acid, calcium, iron and zinc in faba bean fractions [J]. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech., 44: 2590-2597.
CrossRef
-
Ma, G., Y. Jin, J. Piao, F. Kok, G. Bonnema and E. Jacobsen, 2005. Phytate, calcium, iron and zinc contents and their molar ratios in food commonly consumed in China [J]. J. Agr. Food Chem., 53: 10285-10290.
CrossRef PMid:16366728
-
Rosen, H., 1957. A modified ninhydrin calorimetric analysis for amino acids [J]. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 67: 10-15.
- Sangronis, E. and C.J. Machado, 2007. Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cajanus cajan. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 40: 116-120.
- Sathe, S.K. and D.K. Salunkhe, 1981. Solubilization and electrophoretic characterization of the great Northern bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins [J]. J. Food Sci., 46: 82-87.
CrossRef
- Shaker, A.M.H., F.A. Taha and S.S. Abdel Fattah, 1995. Influence of some processing methods on chemical composition of lentil, faba bean and faba bean dishes [J]. Bull. Nutr. Ins., 15: 87-93.
- Steiner, T., R. Mosenthin, B. Zimmermann, R. Greiner and S. Roth, 2007. Distribution of total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus and phytase activity in legume seeds, cereals and cereal by-products as influenced by harvest year and cultivar [J]. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 133: 320-334.
CrossRef
- Traore, T., C. Mouquet, C. Icard-Verniere, A.S. Traore and S. Treche, 2004. Changes in nutrient composition, phytate and cyanide contents and a-amylase activity during cereal malting in small production units in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) [J]. Food Chem., 88: 105-114.
CrossRef
- Vinay, B.J. and T.C. Sindhu Kanya, 2008. Effect of detoxification on the functional and nutritional quality of proteins of karanja seed meal [J]. Food Chem., 106: 77-84.
CrossRef
-
Zhao, R., S.R. Bean, B.P. Ioerger, D. Wang and D.L. Boyle, 2008. Impact of mashing on sorghum proteins and its relationship to ethanol fermentation [J]. J. Agr. Food Chem., 56: 946-953.
CrossRef PMid:18197621
-
Zielinski, H., M. Frias, K. Mariusz, P.H. Kozlowska and C. Vidal-Valverde, 2005. Vitamin B1 and B2, dietary fiber and mineral content of cruciferae sprouts. [J] Eur. Food Res. Tech., 221: 78-83.
CrossRef
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
|
|
|
ISSN (Online): 2042-4876
ISSN (Print): 2042-4868 |
|
Information |
|
|
|
Sales & Services |
|
|
|