Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil Extracted by Hydro-Distillation from Artemisia annua Grown in West-Cameroon
1Chougouo Kengne Rosine Desiree, 2Fotsing Kwetche Pierre Rene, 1, 2Kouamouo Jonas, 1, 2Domum Tchouanche Bibiane, 3Somo Moyo Roger and 1, 2Kaptue Lazare
1Laboratory of Chemistry, Universite des Montagnes
2Laboratory of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires des Montagnes
3Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I
British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 3:89-94
Received: December 28, 2012 | Accepted: January 31, 2013 | Published: June 25, 2013
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the in vitro antimicrobial potential of the Essential Oil (EO) extracted by hydro-distillation from the variety of A. annua grown in West Cameroon. This evaluation was conducted by testing the microbial growth inhibition through agar diffusion, minimal inhibitory and minimal lethal concentrations. Tested microorganisms included bacteria isolates belonging to the following categories: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Vibrio cholera. This activity was also tested on a dimorphic fungal species, Candida albicans. Data analysis revealed that the EO possessed an intrinsic antimicrobial activity that was potentiated by the solvent (DMSO). Inhibition zone diameters varied from 6 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri) to 45 mm (Vibrio cholera). It was also observed that Vibrio cholera was susceptible to the lowest concentration of the essential oil used (0.3 mg/mL), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown to tolerate the highest (80 mg/mL). Also, the minimal inhibitory and lethal concentrations were equal (MLC/MIC = 1), implying the absolute lethal property of the oil. This lethal potential on fungi, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria makes of this plant an appropriate candidate for new conventional antimicrobial drug production and infectious disease prevention. Well exploited, it might be used to control the current epidemics of Vibrio cholera-associated cholera in Cameroon. Additional studies should also be conducted to lay down reliable basis for comprehensive test interpretations that take into account correlations between these in vitro test results and the ones that would be obtained with conventional antimicrobials.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial properties, Artemisia annua, essential oil,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2044-2467
ISSN (Print): 2044-2459 |
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