Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Chronic Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Study of Orally Administered Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Carica papaya Seeds in Adult Wistar Rats
1Umana Uduak, 1J.A. Timbuak, 1S.A. Musa, 1W.O. Hamman, 1Samuel Asala, 2Joseph Hambolu and 3J.A. Anuka
1Department of Human Anatomy
2Department of Veterinary Anatomy
3Department of Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013 4:147-154
Received: February 20, 2013 | Accepted: April 08, 2013 | Published: August 25, 2013
Abstract
About 80% of the population in many third world countries still use traditional medicine (medicinal plants) as the sole means of therapy against diseases. Carica papaya is a medicinal plant which has been proven to contain substances that can be used for such purposes. Some of its uses include anti-ulcerogenic, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-tumour and it is employed in wound-healing activity and antifertility activity to mention a few. This study was designed to evaluate the chronic hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of orally administered aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Carica papaya seed in adult Wistar rat. The up-and-down method as outlined in the OECD guidelines was used to determine the LD50. Twenty five adult Wistar rats weighing between 160-220 gm were used for the study. They were randomised and five assigned to each of the treatment groups. Group one was the control, group two and three received 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract respectively while groups four and five received 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract respectively. They were all dosed orally for 60 days. The results of the haematological indices, renal function test and liver function test for both extracts were normal and so also were the organ body weight ratios. The histological studies of the liver, kidneys and spleen did not reveal any pathologic changes when compared to the control group. In Conclusion it can be said that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Carica papaya seed extract is not hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic to adult Wistar rats.
Keywords:
Carica papaya, chronic, histological studies, kidney, liver and spleen,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2044-2467
ISSN (Print): 2044-2459 |
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