Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Evaluation of Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicities of Aqueous Ethanol Root Extract of Raphia hookeri (Palmaceae) on Swiss Albino Rats
1G.O. Mbaka, 2S.O. Ogbonnia, 3T.O. Olubamido, 4P.I. Awopetu and 5D.A. Ota
1Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos
2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos
3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University,
Remo Campus Ikenne, Ogun State
4Department of Morbid Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos,
Idi-Araba, Lagos
5Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 4:137-143
Received: April ‎01, ‎2014 | Accepted: April ‎28, ‎2014 | Published: August 20, 2014
Abstract
This study evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxicities of treatment with aqueous ethanol root extract of Raphia hookri (Palmaceae) on rats. In acute toxicity study, the root extract in a graded doses of 125-2000 mg/kg bwt administered Intra-Peritoneal (IP) produced dose dependent mortality with median acute toxicity (LD50) of approximately 562.3 mg/kg bwt. The animals fed with the extract by gavages tolerated up to 4000 mg/kg body weight (bwt) with no sign of physical/behavioural changes hence 1/20th of the dose (200 mg/kg) was used as the highest therapeutic dose. In sub-chronic toxicity study, significant increase (p<0.05) in the animals’ body weight occurred at treatments with 50 and 100 mg/kg bwt doses whereas considerable decrease was observed at treatment with 200 mg/kg bwt extract dose. Significant increase (p<0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level occurred compared to the control while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed decrease that was marked at the highest extract dose. Total protein was comparatively the same with the control while total bilirubin decreased markedly. In kidney function profile, creatinine level showed decrease while urea level exhibited fluctuation. There was an insignificant (p>0.05) decrease in Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) level while White Blood Cell (WBC) showed increase. In tissue analysis, the extract caused marked deleterious effect on the testes leading to drastic reduction in sperm cells whereas tissues of liver, kidney and heart however showed normal appearance.
Keywords:
Acute toxicity, Raphia hookeri, sub-acute toxicity, tissue histology,
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The authors have no competing interests.
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