Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Comparative Antihyperglycemic Effect of Petroleum Ether, Acetone, Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Cleome rutidosperma DC and Senecio biafrae (Oliv. and Hiern) in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice
1, 2I.O. Okoro, 1I.A. Umar, 1S.E. Atawodi and 1K.M. Anigo
1Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria
2Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2014 3:123-132
Received: January 24, 2014 | Accepted: February ‎25, ‎2014 | Published: June 20, 2014
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the acute antihyperglycemic effects of four different solvent extracts (Petroleum ether, acetone, absolute ethanol and water) of two plants: Cleome rutidosperma (leaves) and Senecio biafrae (root) in STZ-induced diabetic mice and their in vitro antioxidant activities as well as their phytoconstituents. A single administration of the extracts at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight was done. All extracts as well as the standard drug, glibenclamide (at 600 μg/kg body weight) significantly lowered blood glucose level (p<0.05) of the diabetic mice by 28.784±15.46- 40.866±15.61% for Cleome rutidosperma and 10.652±6.36- 19.858±7.65% for Senecio biafrae within 6 hrs of extracts administration. The effect was more pronounced in the aqueous extracts of both plants. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extracts in rats was found to be > 5000 mg/kg body weight. The tested plant extracts displayed appreciable level of antioxidant activities by different assay methods: the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method (26.42±1.75-56.46±2.83%), the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method (18.43±1.67- 48.17±2.19%), reducing power method (22.76±1.87-68.45±1.07%) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method (26.23±0.94-66.12±1.41% inhibition). Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of Alkaloids (0.11±0.02-0.34±0.05%), Saponins (0.18±0.02-6.01±0.88%), Tannins (0.04±0.01-14.15±0.73%), Glycosides (0.002±0.001-0.113±0.040%), Phenols (0.02±0.01-0.21±0.02%), Flavonoids (0.012±0.003-0.433±0.170%) and Steroids (0.003±0.001-0.011±0.003%). Therefore, the results indicate that extracts of Cleome rutidosperma and Senecio biafrae possess significant antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant activities. They are also rich in phytochemicals.
Keywords:
Antihyperglycemic effects, antioxidant, Cleome rutidosperma, phytoconstituents, Senecio biafrae and STZ-induced diabetes,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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