Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
An Efficient Multi-path Routing Algorithm Based on Hybrid Firefly Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Networks
K. Kumaravel and A. Marimuthu
Department of CSE, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2015 2:159-168
Received: September ‎24, ‎2014 | Accepted: October ‎24, ‎2014 | Published: May 20, 2015
Abstract
Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) uses the latest technology which helps in providing end users a high quality service referred to as the Internet’s “last mile”. Also considering WMN one of the most important technologies that are employed is multicast communication. Among the several issues routing which is significantly an important issue is addressed by every WMN technologies and this is done during the process of data transmission. The IEEE 802.11s Standard entails and sets procedures which need to be followed to facilitate interconnection and thus be able to devise an appropriate WMN. There has been introduction of several protocols by many authors which are mainly devised on the basis of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Multi-path routing may be considered as one such routing method which facilitates transmission of data over several paths, proving its capabilities as a useful strategy for achieving reliability in WMN. Though, multi-path routing in any manner cannot really guarantee deterministic transmission. As here there are multiple paths available for enabling data transmission from source to destination node. The algorithm that had been employed before in the studies conducted did not take in to consideration routing metrics which include energy aware metrics that are used for path selection during transferring of data. The following study proposes use of the hybrid multipath routing algorithm while taking in to consideration routing metrics which include energy, minimal loss for efficient path selection and transferring of data. Proposed algorithm here has two phases. In the first phase prim’s algorithm has been proposed so that in networks route discovery may be possible. For the second one the Hybrid firefly algorithm which is based on harmony search has been employed for selection of the most suitable and best through proper analysis of metrics which include energy awareness and minimal loss for every path that has been discovered. Simulation results clearly shows that proposed algorithm performance is far better than other traditional algorithms in metrics such as packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay as well as routing overhead; additionally, it possesses high resilience in terms of capacity to cope with topological changes, which makes it absolutely appropriate and suitable for deployment in to industrial wireless mesh networks.
Keywords:
Hybrid Firefly (HFA), industrial wireless mesh networks, multi-path routing, prims algorithm,
References
-
Amitangshu, P. and N. Asis, 2011. A quality based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks. Pervasive Mob. Comput., 7: 611-626.
CrossRef
-
Bedi, P.K., P. Gupta and T.K. Gupta, 2011. A congestion-aware and load-balanced geographic multipath routing protocol for WMN. Proceeding of International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON), pp: 901-907.
CrossRef
-
Essays, 2013. Localization Technique for Wireless Mesh Networks Computer Science Essay. Retrieved from: http://www.ukessays.com/ essays/computer-science/localization-technique-for-wireless-mesh-networks-computer-science-essay.php?cref=1.
Direct Link -
Geeta, Y.M. and R.K. Krishna, 2012. Interference-aware robust topology design in multi-channel wireless mesh networks. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inform. Technol., 3(2): 3452-3455.
-
Guo, L., G.G. Wang, H. Wang and D. Wang, 2013. An effective hybrid firefly algorithm with harmony search for global numerical optimization. Sci. World J., 2013: 9, Article ID 125625.
-
Hu, Y., W. He, S. Yang and Y. Zhou, 2010. Multi-gateway multi-path routing protocol for 802.11s WMN. Proceeding of the IEEE 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, pp: 308-315.
-
Lee, S.J. and M. Gerla, 2001. Split multipath routing with maximally disjoint paths in ad hoc networks. Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC, 2001), 10: 3201-3205.
CrossRef -
Le, L., 2011. Multipath routing design for wireless mesh networks. Proceeding of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Houston, TX, United States. pp: 1-6.
-
Li, Y., 2011. A reputation system for wireless mesh network using multi-path routing protocol. Proceeding of the IEEE 30th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC, 2011), pp: 1-6.
CrossRef
-
Marina, M.K. and S.R. Das, 2001. On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks. Proceeding of 9th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP, 2001). California, pp: 14-23.
CrossRef -
Nasipuri, A., R. Castaneda and S.R. Das, 2001. Performance of multipath routing for on demand protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. Mobile Netw. Appl., 6(4): 339-349.
CrossRef -
Qu, Z., W. Ren and Q. Wang, 2010. A new node-disjoint multi-path routing algorithm of wireless mesh network. Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (CMCE), pp: 1-3.
PMCid:PMC2862494
-
Qureshi, J., H.F. Chuan and C. Jianfei, 2014. Maximum multipath routing throughput in multirate wireless mesh networks. Proceeding of IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC-Fall 2014.
CrossRef -
Radunovic, B., C. Gkantsidis, P. Key and P. Rodriguez, 2008. An optimization framework for opportunistic multipath routing in wireless mesh networks. Proceeding of the 27th Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pp: 0743-166X.
CrossRef
-
Rong, B., Y. Qian, K. Lu, R.Q. Hu and M. Kadoch, 2010. Multipath routing over wireless mesh networks for multiple description video transmission. IEEE J. Sel. Area. Comm., 28(3): 321-331.
CrossRef -
Yigal, B., H. Seung-Jae and K. Amit, 2007. Efficient load-balancing routing for wireless mesh networks. Comput. Netw., 51: 2450-2466.
CrossRef -
Zheng, Y., U.T. Nguyen and H.L. Nguyen, 2012. Data overhead impact of multipath routing for multicast in wireless mesh networks. Proceeding of 3rd FTRA International Conference on Mobile, Ubiquitous and Intelligent Computing (MUSIC), pp: 154-157.
CrossRef
-
Zhiyuan, L.I. and W. Ruchuan, 2009. A multipath routing algorithm based on traffic prediction in wireless mesh networks. Commun. Network, 1: 82-90.
CrossRef
-
Zogkou, M., A. Sgora and D.D. Vergados, 2013. Energy aware routing in IEEE 802.11swireless mesh networks. Proceeding of the International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems, pp: 215-220.
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
|
|
![](http://www.maxwellsci.com/images/RJASET-maxw.jpg) |
ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
![Submit Manuscript](../images/sub.jpg) |
Information |
|
|
|
Sales & Services |
|
|
|