Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Effects of Water Age Blind Spots on the Water Quality in the Water Distribution Systems with the Use of EPANET Model
Hossein Shamsaei, Othman Jaafar and Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan, Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2013 14:3751-3760
Received: August 04, 2012 | Accepted: September 08, 2012 | Published: April 20, 2013
Abstract
The increase in water age may be due to the distance travelled and the residence time in the water distribution. The water age of the blind spots in water distribution system causes deterioration in water quality systems. In general, blind spots have been causing increased water age in the water distribution network. Water age has more value in distribution systems with Lang transmission lines. For blind spots (dead end point), there has been an analysis of the primary distribution system. The goal of this study is to improve the water age and water quality as well as minimizing incidences of dead end points in the water distribution systems with the use of EPANET model software. Considering the above results this study for minimizing incidences of dead end points in the water distribution systems will be water age, smaller water and removal of the blind spots are required and need for the design of a pipe diameter that would effectively accommodate blind spots by ensuring appropriate sizes at appropriate points along the system network, so Pressure must be maintained in the distribution network system. Finally, the amount water age and generation of blind spots in the system and distribution network will be due to inaccuracies in network design and distribution systems or inability to consider some important factors when designing the distribution network system.
Keywords:
Blind spots (end dead), chlorine residual, distributed network systems, hydraulic changes, network design, water age,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
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