Abstract

In this study, the results of the effect of water-flow rate and air fraction component on intensity, I, are presented and discussed. The study which was carried out at Bergen University in Norway, presents the impact of monochromatic defects on polarization and measurements of small oil fractions of various crude oils are presented. When there was refraction, it was observed that in static sea-water $µ_{static} = 0.38$ and in running water $µ_{flow} = 0.42$ When refraction was eliminated by grafting windows in the pipe, $µ_{static} = 0$, $µ_{flow} = 0.11$ and in both cases $µ_{flow}$ was independent of the flow rate. Air fraction component, $α > 0.12$ reduced light intensity. With rate flow $Q = 13.6m^3/h$ and $Q = 27.2 m^3/h$ critical air fraction was found at $α_c = 0.18$ and $α_c = 0.12$ respectively. For $α_c = 0.18$ up to $α = 0.87$ at $Q = 13.6m^3/h$ and $α_c =0.12$ up to $α = 0.78$ at $Q = 27.2 m^3/h$, light intensity was found independent of α. The highest rotation was found in Gullfaks crude oil, followed by Heidrun, the rotation is Statfjord crude oil was less than one in Heidrun and the least rotation was observed in Å sg å rd crude oil. At 40ppm, the rotation was as follows: Gullfaks φ = 27.0 ± 0.2°, Heidrun φ =23.9 ± 0.2°, Statfjord φ = 20.0 ± 0.2°, and Åsg ård φ = 10.0 ± 0.1°. This method studies very well when small oil fractions from 5.0-70 ppm are in sea-water flow. This technique can be deployed to monitor the environment and to control the re-injected process water.

Keywords:

Vibration techniques, rotation,

References

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

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The authors have no competing interests.