Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Mixed Convection Boundary-layer Flow of a Nanofluid Near Stagnation-point on a Vertical Plate with Effects of Buoyancy Assisting and Opposing Flows
1Hossein Tamim, 1Saeed Dinarvand, 1Reza Hosseini, 1Sadegh Khalili and 2Arezoo Khalili
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran Polytechnic, 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, Iran
2Young Researchers Club, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2013 10:1785-1793
Received: November 12, 2012 | Accepted: January 21, 2013 | Published: July 20, 2013
Abstract
In this study, the steady laminar mixed convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid near the stagnation-point on a vertical plate with prescribed surface temperature is investigated. Here, both assisting and opposing flows are considered and studied. Using appropriate transformations, the system of partial differential equations is transformed into an ordinary differential system of two equations, which is solved numerically by shooting method, coupled with Runge-Kutta scheme. Three different types of nanoparticles, namely copper Cu, alumina Al2O3 and titania TiO2 with water as the base fluid are considered. Numerical results are obtained for the skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number as well as for the velocity and temperature profiles for some values of the governing parameters, namely, the nanoparticle volume fraction parameter &phi and mixed convection parameter &lambda It is found that the highest rate of heat transfer occurs in the mixed convection with assisting flow while the lowest one occurs in the mixed convection with opposing flow. Moreover, the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate at the surface are highest for copper–water nanofluid compared to the alumina–water and titania–water nanofluids.
Keywords:
Boundary layer, mixed convection, nanofluid, numerical solution, stagnation-point flow, similarity transform,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
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