Abstract

In this study, based on the objective of social welfare maximization, the issues of take-back network, recycling targets setting, recovery catalogs sorting, supervision and stimulation of take-back models are discussed. Conclusion demonstrates that: manufacturers, recyclers and consumers do not always share the same preference over three patterns, but the mode of manufacture-leading take-back can reach maximum social welfare; the most efficient network system should be around the manufacturer individual take-back responsibility to build; the take-back level and the recovery catalogs must synthesize the factors involve environmental impact of product, take-back cost/benefit and recycling and manufacturing industries' market structure etc., the supervision and stimulation decision matrix associated with the PROs is as an effective tool to balance the environmental benefits and social welfare.

Keywords:

Closed-loop supply chain, end-of-life waste, extended producer responsibility, take-back directive, two stage sequential decision-making game,

References

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

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Copyright

The authors have no competing interests.