Abstract

Aim of this study is to evaluate a zero-equation turbulence model. A fully-developed turbulent pipe flow was simulated. Uncertainty was approximated through grid-independence and model validation. Results for mean axial velocity, u⁺ and Reynolds stress had maximum error of 5%, while results for the friction factor had negligible error. The mean axial velocity was shown to increase and extend farther in the outer layer with increasing Reynolds number, up to 10⁶. There was no effect of Reynolds number on u+ below wall distance, Y⁺, of 100. Similar to the friction velocity, peak of the Reynolds stress was shown to increase and extend farther in the outer layer with increasing Reynolds number. There was no effect of Reynolds number on Reynolds stress below wall distance of 20. The new turbulence model is equally applicable to developing and external flows using the same constant. For wall-bounded flows, the constant is a function of wall roughness.

Keywords:

Reynolds stress, skin friction, turbulence modeling,

References

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

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Copyright

The authors have no competing interests.