Abstract

Development of low cost adsorbent from cow horn for the biosorption of Mn (II), Ni (II) and Cd (II) ion aqueous solution was carried out by batch adsorption experiment at 32°C. Parameters such as pH, contact time, metal ion concentrations as well as temperature were monitored. The residual concentration of Mn (II), Ni (II) and Cd (II) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results revealed that maximum Ni (II) and Cd (II) ion removal occurred at pH of 6 while Mn (II) ion occurred at pH of 7 respectively. Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm were used to describe the equilibrium data. The equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm than Temkin isotherm. Thermodynamic investigation showed that standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGº) was positive indicating the feasibility and non-spontaneous of the process. The positive value of standard Enthalpy (ΔHº) implies that the reaction was endothermic and the negative standard Entropy (ΔSº) signifies decrease in the randomness at the solid/solution interface of the adsorbent during the adsorption process. The kinetic study revealed that adsorption of Mn (II), Ni (II) and Cd (II) could be best described by pseudo-second model. This study demonstrated that adsorbent developed from cow horn could be used as an alternative to commercial activated carbon in the removal of Mn (II), Ni (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution.

Keywords:

Aqueous solution, bio sorption, cow horn, isotherm, metal ions, thermodynamics,

References

1. Babarinde, N.A.A. and J.O. Babalola, 2010. The biosorption of Pb(II) ion from aqueous Solution by Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum): Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Pacif. J. Sci. Technol., 11(1): 622-630.
   
2. Babarinde, N.A.A., J.O. Babalola, J. Adegoke, U. Maraizu1, T. Ogunbanwo and O. Fopefoluwa, 2012. Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of the biosorption of Ni(II), Cr(III) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions using banana (Musa acuminata) leaf. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(9): 1376-1385.
   
3. Demiral, H., I. Demiral, F. T�msek and B. Karabacakoglu, 2008. Adsorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbon derived from olive bagasse and applicability of different adsorption models. Chem. Eng. J., 144: 188-196.
   CrossRef    
4. Demirbas, E., 2007. Adsorption of cobalt (II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from hazelnut shells. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 21: 951-963.
   CrossRef    
5. Egila, J.N., T.O. Jimoh, G.N. Ifunanya and O. Dayo, 2012. Comparism of adsorption behaviour of caryota rumphiana flower and goat hooves to lead and manganese ions in aqueous solution. Am. J. Env. Eng., 2(4): 86-90.
   CrossRef    
6. Ejikemi, P.M., A.I. Okoye and E. Onukwuli, 2011. Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu2+, and Pb2+, ions removal from simulated waste water by Gambeya Albida seed shell activated carbon. Afr. Rev. Phys., 6: 143-152.
   
7. Ekop, A.S. and N.O. Eddy, 2009. Adsorption of Pb2+, Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ from aqueous solution by helix aspera shell. E-J. Chem., 6(4): 1029-1034.
   CrossRef    
8. Esposito, A., E. Pagnanelli and F.I. Veglio, 2002. Plants proffing their worth in toxic metals. Chem. Eng. Sci., 57: 307-313.
   CrossRef    
9. Gaikward, R.W., 2004. Removal of Cd ion from aqueous solutionby activated charcoal derived from coconut shell. Electron. J. Environ. Agri. Food Chem., 3(4): 702-709.
   
10. Gong, Y., S. Yang, W. Fu, J. Qi, R. Li, Z. Wang and H. Xu, 2005. Adsorption of malachite green on micro and mesoporous rice husk based active carbon. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56: 219-229.
    
11. Hanan, E.O., K.B. Reham and F.A. Hanan, 2010. Usage of some agricultural by-product in the removal of some heavy metals from industrial waste water. J. Phytol., 2(3): 51-62.
    
12. Hossam, D.M. and R.A. Akasha, 2007. Chemically modified Algae residues as a new adsorbent for Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. Energy Educ. Sci. Technol., 19: 17-36.
    
13. Kalyani, G., R.G. Babu, S.B. Vijaya and K.P. Prasanna, 2009. Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption of zinc onto Gallus domesticus shell powder. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 4(1): 1819-1832.
    
14. Lenntech, 2011. Lenntech Water Treatment and Purification Holding B.V. Water Treatment Solution. Retrieved from http://www.Lenntech. com (Accessed on: Jan. 3, 2011).
    Direct Link
15. Maryse, B., 2010. Adjunct professor, CINBIOSE, UQAM researcher, toxicity of manganese, U.S. ACHU Sainte-Justine, 2: 89-98.
    
16. Moshen, A.H., 2007. Adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by okra wastes. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 2(7): 178-184.
    
17. Nadeem, M., M. Shabbir, M.A. Abdullah, S.S. Shah and G. McKay, 2009. Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solution by surfactant-modified carbon adsorbents. Chem. Eng. J., 148: 365-370.
    CrossRef    
18. Ncibi, M.C., B. Mahjoub, A.M. Ben Hamissa, R. Ben Mansour and M. Seffen, 2009. Biosorption of textile metal complexed dye from aqueous medium using Posidonia oceanica (L) leaf sheaths Mathematical modeling. J. Env. Qual., 243: 109-121.
    
19. Nouri, J.K., N. Lorestani, B. Yusuf, A.H. Hassani and M. Karami, 2008. Accumulation of heavy metal in the soil and uptake by plant species with phytoremedation potential. Environ. Earth Sci., 59(2): 315-329.
    CrossRef    
20. Nwabanne, J.T. and P.K. Igbokwe, 2008. Kinetics and equilibrium modeling of nickel adsorption by cassava peel. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 3(11): 829-834.
    
21. Omotoso, S.M., P.E. Aikpokpodion and R.R.S. Ipinmoroti, 2010. Biosorption of nickel (II) from aqueous solution using waste tea (Camella cinencis) materials. Am-Eurasian J. Toxicol. Sci., 2(2): 72-82.
    
22. Patel, R. and S. Suresh, 2008. Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the biosorption of reactive black dye by Aspergillus foetidus. Bioresour. Technol., 99: 51-58.
    CrossRef    PMid:17251011    
23. Temkin, M.J. and V. Pyzhev, 1940. Application of temkin adsorption isotherm. Acta Physiol. Chem. USSR, 12: 271.
    
24. Torab, M.H., M. Ghassabzadeh, S.J. Ghannadi-Maragheh, L. Ahmadi and H. Taheri, 2010. Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl., 11(5): 321-326.
    
25. Vijayaraghavan, K., K. Palanivelu and M. Velan, 2006. Biosorption of copper (II) and cobalt (II) from aqueous solutions by crab shell particles. Bioresour. Technol., 97(12): 1411-1419.
    CrossRef    PMid:16112568    
26. Yu, M.H., 2005. Environmetal Toxicology-biological and Health Effect of Pollutants. 2nd Edn., CRC Press, Boca Raton, TI., pp: 83-84.
    

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

Open Access Policy

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Copyright

The authors have no competing interests.