Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Evaluation of the Shear Strength Behaviour of Polypropylene and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Cohesive Soils
1Costas A. Anagnostopoulos, 2Dimitrios Tzetzis and 3Kyriakos Berketis
1Department of Civil Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki,
School of Technological Applications, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
2International Hellenic University, 57001 Thermi, Greece
3Spectrum Labs SA, Efplias 49, Piraeus, Greece
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2014 20:4327-4342
Received: January 06, 2014 | Accepted: January 17, 2014 | Published: May 20, 2014
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of various parameters involved, such as the strength properties of fibres, the relative size of fibres and grains and the rate of shear on the shear strength of polypropylene or carbon fibre reinforced cohesive soils with different percentage loading of fibres. The experimental results reveal that the inclusion of polypropylene fibres in soil increases considerably the shear strength. Contrarily, the inclusion of the carbon fibres did not produce a clear beneficial effect. In both cases, the shear strengths results are attributed to the different micro mechanisms involved in the fibre/soil interactions as studied through scanning electron micrographs. A significant outcome from the current work is that the strength of the reinforced soil composites is independent of the fibre mechanical indexes.
Keywords:
Carbon fibres, polypropylene fibres, reinforced soil,
References
-
Ahmad, F., F. Bateni and M. Azmi, 2010. Performance evaluation of silty sand reinforced with fibres. Geotext. Geomembranes, 28(1): 93-99.
CrossRef
-
Al Wahab, R.M. and H.H. Al-Qurna, 1995. Fiber reinforced cohesive soils for application in compacted earth structures. Proceedings of Geosynthetics '95, Nashville, Tennessee, pp: 433-446.
-
Al Wahab, R.M.A. and M.A. El-Kedrah, 1995. Using fibers to reduce tension cracks and shrink/swell in a compacted clay. Proceedings of the Geoenvironment 2000 ASCE, 1: 791-805.
-
Bauer, G.E. and A. Oancea, 1996. Triaxial testing of granular soils reinforced with discrete polypropylene fibers. Proceedings of the 1st European Geosynthetics Conference on Geosynthetics: Applications, Design and Construction. Rotterdam, pp: 407-410.
-
Casagrande, M.D.T., M.R. Coop and N.C. Consoli, 2006. Behavior of a fiber-reinforced bentonite at large shear displacements. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 132(11): 1505-1508.
CrossRef
-
Casagrande, M.D.T., M.R. Coop and N.C. Consoli, 2007. Behavior of a fiber-reinforced bentonite at large shear displacements (Discussion closure paper). J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 133(12): 1635-1636.
CrossRef
-
Choubane, B., R.K. Ho and J.M. Armaghani, 1999. Full-scale laboratory evaluation of polypropylene fiber reinforcement of subgrade soils. Research Report No. 99-432, Florida Department of Transportation.
-
Consoli, N.C., J.P. Montardo, P.D.M. Prietto and G.S. Pasa, 2002. Engineering behavior of a sand reinforced with plastic waste. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 128(6): 462-472.
CrossRef
-
Consoli, N.C., M.D.T. Casagrande, P.D.M. Prietto and A. Thome, 2003. Plate load test on fiber-reinforced soil. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 129(10): 951-955.
CrossRef
-
Falorca, I.M.C.F.G., M.I.M. Pinto and G.L.M. Ferreira, 2006. Residual shear strength of sandy clay reinforced with short polypropylene fibres randomly oriented. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Geosynthetics. Yokohama, 4: 1663-1666.
-
Farrag, K.A. and P. Griffin, 1993. Pull-out Testing of Geogrids in Cohesive Soils. In: Cheng, S.C.J. (Ed.), Geosynthetic Soil Reinforcement Testing Procedures. ASTM STP 1190, Philadelphia, pp: 76-89.
CrossRef
-
Fishman, K.L. and S. Pal, 1994. Further study of geomembrane/cohesive soil interface shear behaviour. Geotext. Geomembranes, 13(9): 571-590.
CrossRef
-
Fredlund, D.G. and H. Rahardjo, 1993. Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils. Wiley, New York.
CrossRef
-
Freilich, B.J., C. Li and J.G. Zornberg, 2010. Effective shear strength of fiber-reinforced clays. Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Geosynthetics. Brazil, pp: 1997-2000.
-
Gray, D.H. and H. Ohashi, 1983. Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand. J. Geotech. Eng-ASCE, 109(3): 335-353.
CrossRef
-
Gregory, G.H. and D.S. Chill, 1998. Stabilization of earth slopes with fiber reinforcement. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Geosynthetics. Atlanta, pp: 1073-1078.
-
Ibraim, E. and S. Fourmont, 2006. Behaviour of sand reinforced with fibres. Proceedings of the Geotechnical Symposium in Roma. Netherlands, pp: 807-818.
-
Ibraim, E., A. Diambra, D.M. Wood and A.R. Russel, 2010. Static liquefaction of fibre reinforced sand under monotonic loading. Geotext. Geomembranes, 28(4): 374-385.
CrossRef
-
Kaniraj, S.R. and V.G. Havanagi, 2001. Behavior of cement-stabilized fiber-reinforced fly ash-soil mixtures. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 127(7): 574-584.
CrossRef
-
Li, C., 2005. Mechanical response of fiber-reinforced soil. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, USA.
-
Lopes, M.L. and M. Ladeira, 1996. Influence of the confinement, soil density and displacement rate on soil-geogrid interaction. Geotext. Geomembranes, 14(10): 543-554.
CrossRef
-
Maher, M.H. and D.H. Gray, 1990. Static response of sands reinforced with randomly distributed fibers. J. Geotech. Eng., 116(11): 1661-1677.
CrossRef
-
Michalowski, R.L., 1997. Limit stress for granular composites reinforced with continuous filaments. J. Eng. Mech., 123(8): 852-859.
CrossRef
-
Michalowski, R.L. and A. Zhao, 1996. Failure of fiber-reinforced granular soils. J. Geotech. Eng-ASCE, 122(3): 226-234.
CrossRef
-
Michalowski, R.L. and J. Cermak, 2003. Triaxial compression of sand reinforced with fibers. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 129(2): 125-136.
CrossRef
-
Moraci, N. and D. Gioffre, 2006. A simple method to evaluate the pullout resistance of extruded geogrids embedded in a compacted granular soil. Geotext. Geomembranes, 24(2): 116-128.
CrossRef
-
Murray, J.J., J.D. Frost and Y. Wang, 2000. Behavior of a sandy silt reinforced with discontinuous recycled fibre inclusions. Transport. Res. Rec., 1714: 9-17.
CrossRef
-
Ozkul, Z.H. and G. Baycal, 2007. Shear behavior of compacted rubber fiber-clay composite in drained and undrained loading. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 133(7): 767-781.
CrossRef
-
Pradhan, P.K., R.K. Kar and A. Naik, 2012. Effect of random inclusion of polypropylene fibers on strength characteristics of cohesive soil. Geotech. Geol. Eng., 30(1): 15-25.
CrossRef
-
Racana, N., M. Grediac and R. Gourves, 2003. Pull-out response of corrugated geotextile strips. Geotext. Geomembranes, 21(5): 265-288.
CrossRef
-
Rao, S.V.K. and A.M.A. Nasr, 2012. Laboratory study on the relative performance of silty-sand soils reinforced with linen fiber. Geotech. Geol. Eng., 30(1): 63-74.
CrossRef
-
Sadek, S., S.S. Najjar and F. Freiha, 2010. Shear strength of fiber-reinforced sands. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 136(3): 490-499.
CrossRef
-
Shewbridge, S.E. and N. Sitar, 1990. Deformation-based model for reinforced sand. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 116(7): 1153-1170.
CrossRef
-
Tang, C., B. Shi, W. Gao, F. Chen and Y. Cai, 2007. Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil. Geotext. Geomembranes, 25(3): 194-202.
CrossRef
-
Tang, C.S., B. Shi and L.Z. Zhao, 2010. Interfacial shear strength of fiber reinforced soil. Geotext. Geomembranes, 28(1): 54-62.
CrossRef
-
Tingle, J.S., S.L. Webster and R.L. Santoni, 1999. Discrete fiber reinforcement of sands for expedient road construction. Report GL 99-3, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg.
CrossRef
-
Webster, S.L. and R.L. Santoni, 1997. Contingency airfield and road construction using geosynthetic fiber stabilization of sands. Report GL 97-4, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg.
-
Zaimoglu, A.S. and T. Yetimoglu, 2012. Strength behavior of fine grained soil reinforced with randomly distributed polypropylene fibers. Geotech. Geol. Eng., 30(1): 197-203.
CrossRef
-
Ziegler, S., D. Leshchinsky, H.I. Ling and E.B. Perry, 1998. Effect of short polymeric fibers on crack development in clays. Soils Found. J. Appl. Clay Sci., 38(1): 247-253.
CrossRef
-
Zornberg, J.G., 2002. Discrete framework for limit equilibrium analysis of fibre reinforced soil. Geotechnique, 52(8): 593-604.
CrossRef
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
|
|
|
ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
|
Information |
|
|
|
Sales & Services |
|
|
|