Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Application of Adaptive Line Enhancer with LMS to Separate Heart Sound Signal from Lung Sound Signal at Real Time
K. Sathesh and N.J.R. Muniraj
Department of ECE, Tejaa Shakthi Institute of Technology for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2015 6:448-453
Received: October 10, 2014 | Accepted: November 10, 2014 | Published: February 25, 2015
Abstract
This study presents a technique for separation of Heart Sound Signal (HSS) from Lung Sound Signal (LSS) using Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) with Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm with real time recorded sound signal. While recording lung sounds, an incessant noise source takes place owing to heart sounds. This noise source severely contaminates the breath sound signal and interferes in the analysis of lung sounds. The proposed system is applied with different filter order and the results show the error rate of the Desired Sound Signal (DSS), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and execution time.
Keywords:
Error rate , execution time, heart sound signal, LMS algorithm, lung sound signal , signal to noise ratio,
References
-
Arnott, P.J., G.W. Pfeiffer and M.E. Tavel, 1984. Spectral analysis of heart sounds: Relationships between some physical characteristics and frequency spectra of first and second heart sounds in normal and hypertensive. J. Biomed. Eng., 6(2): 121-128.
CrossRef
-
Blake, W.K., 1986. Mechanics of Flow-induced Sound and Vibration. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
-
Garcés, L.E., 2007. Artifact removal from EEG signals using adaptive filters in cascade 1. J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 90: 012081.
CrossRef
-
Gavriely, N. and D.W. Cugell, 1996. Airflow effects on amplitude and spectral content of normal breath sounds. J. Appl. Physiol., 80(1): 5-13.
PMid:8847331
-
Gavriely, N., Y. Palti and G. Alroy, 1981. Spectral characteristics of normal breath sounds. J. Appl. Physiol., 50(2): 307-314.
PMid:7204204
-
Gavriely, N., M. Nissan, A.H. Rubin and D.W. Cugell, 1995. Spectral characteristics of chest wall breathe sounds in normal subjects. Thorax, 50(12): 1292-1300.
CrossRef PMid:8553304 PMCid:PMC1021354
-
Ghaderi, F., S. Sanei, B. Makkiabadir, V. Abolghasemi and J.G. McWhirter, 2009. Heart and lung sound separation using periodic source extraction method. Proceeding of the 16th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing. Santorini-Hellas, pp: 1-6.
CrossRef
-
Gnitecki, J., Z. Moussavi and H. Pasterkamp, 2003. Recursive least squares adaptive noise cancellation filtering for heart sound reduction in lung sounds recordings. Proceeding of the 25th Annual International Conference on IEEE Engineering Medicine Biology Society (EMBC’03), pp: 2416-2419.
CrossRef
-
Guangbin, L., C. Shaoqin, Z. Jingming, C. Jinzhi and W. Shengju, 1992. The development of a portable breath sounds analysis system. Proceeding of the 14th Annual Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp: 2582-2583.
CrossRef
-
Hardin, J.C. and J.L. Patterson Jr., 1979. Monitoring the state of the human airways by analysis of respiratory sound. Acta Astronaut., 6(9): 1137-1151.
CrossRef
-
Hossain, I. and Z. Moussavi, 2002. Relationship between airflow and normal lung sounds. Proceeding of the 24th Annual International Conference on IEEE Engineering Medicine Biology Society (EMBC’02), pp: 1120-1122.
CrossRef
-
Karagiannis, A. and P. Constantinou, 2010. On the processing of white Gaussian noise biomedical signals with the empirical mode decomposition. Biosig. BRNO, 20: 439-446.
-
Luisada, A.A., 1964. The areas of auscultation and the two main heart sounds. Med. Times, 92: 8-11.
PMid:14110393
-
Manecke Jr., G.R., J.P. Dilger, L.J. Kutner and P.J. Poppers, 1997. Auscultation revisited: The waveform and spectral characteristics of breath sounds during general anesthesia. Int. J. Clin. Monit. Com., 14(4): 231-240.
CrossRef PMid:9451573
-
Mondal, A., P.S. Bhattacharya and G. Saha, 2011. Reduction of heart sound interference from lung sound signals using empirical mode decomposition technique. J. Med. Eng. Technol., 35(6-7): 344-353.
CrossRef PMid:21888530
-
Pourazad, M.T., Z. Moussavi, F. Farahmand and R.K. Ward, 2005. Heart sounds separation from lung sounds using independent component analysis. Proceeding of the IEEE 27th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology.
CrossRef
-
Rudnitski, A.G., 2001. Two-channel processing of signals for the separation of breath and cardiac sounds. Acoust. Phys., 47(3).
CrossRef
-
Sathesh, K. and N.J.R. Muniraj, 2014. Real time heart and lung sound separation using adaptive line enhancer with NLMS. J. Theor. Appl. Inform. Technol., 65(2).
-
Sherwood, L., 2001. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 4th Edn., Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA.
-
Tsalaile, T., S. Naqvi, K. Nazarpour, S. Sanei and J. Chambers, 2008. Blind source extraction of heart sound signals from lung sound recordings exploiting periodicity of the heart sound. Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP’08). Las Vegas, NV, pp: 461-464.
CrossRef
-
Vovk, I.V., V.T. Grinchenko and V.N. Oleinik, 1995. Modeling the acoustic properties of the chest and measuring breath sounds. Acoust. Phys., 41(5): 667-676.
-
Widrow, B., J. Glover Jr., J.M. McCool, J. Kaunitz, C.S. Williams, R.H. Hearn, J.R. Zeidler, E. Dong Jr. and R.C. Goodlin, 1975. Adaptive noise cancelling: Principles and Applications. P. IEEE, 63(12): 1692-1716.
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
|
|
![](http://www.maxwellsci.com/images/RJASET-maxw.jpg) |
ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
![Submit Manuscript](../images/sub.jpg) |
Information |
|
|
|
Sales & Services |
|
|
|