Home            Contact us            FAQs
    
      Journal Home      |      Aim & Scope     |     Author(s) Information      |      Editorial Board      |      MSP Download Statistics

     Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences


Assessment of Groundwater Pollution with Heavy Metals at the Al-Akaider Landfill Area, North Jordan

Ibrahim Ahmad Ali Bany Yaseen and Tareq Awad Al-Naeem
Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences  2018  1:16-23
http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjees.10.5854  |  © The Author(s) 2018
Received: October 10, 2017  |  Accepted: January 19, 2018  |  Published: May 20, 2018

Abstract

In order to assess the potential pollution of the groundwater around Al-akaider landfill waste area, heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, Fe) used concentrations in the water well samples around thestudyarea. The sources of groundwater pollution from natural sources are related to the rock formation or anthropogenic sources, including the direct application of fertilizers and pesticides, or irrigation through the use of wastewater treatment plant and human consumption activity. Twenty-one groundwater samples were collected from the surrounding of the Al-akaiderlandfill area, which is a part of the Yarmouk Basin. The Feed wells in the area were discharged from the shallow aquifer of Wadi Es-Sir formation (A7) and Amman silicified formation (B2). The groundwater level is 220 m below the surface and the groundwater movement northeast towards the west (through under the landfill area). The samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) to determine their heavy metal concentration for Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd and Fe. The results of the analysis showed that the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd in all samples are within the maximum permissible limits of the Jordanian Institution for Standards and Metrology Jordan Drinking Water. The iron concentration of well T10 is higher than the allowable limit for the Jordanian Institution for Standards and Metrology of drinking water (JISM, 2008). This well (T10) is located 4 km away from the west landfill area and the contamination in this well is an indication of natural sources, which mixes deep water with deep aquifer.

Keywords:

Al-akaiderlandfill, groundwater, heavy metal, jordan, pollution,


References

  1. Ghrefat, H. and N. Yusuf, 2006. Assessing Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd pollution in bottom sediments of Wadi Al-Arab Dam, Jordan. Chemosphere, 65(11): 2114-2121.
    CrossRef    PMid:16875712    
  2. Abu-Jaber, N. and A. Kharabsheh, 2008. Ground water origin and movement in the upper Yarmouk Basin, Northern Jordan. Environ. Geol., 54(7): 1355-1365.
    CrossRef    
  3. Al-Malabeh, A., 2015. Geological Location map of Basalt flows in north Jordan. Department of the Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid Jordan.
  4. Al-Taani, A.A., A.T. Batayneh, N. El-Radaideh, I. Al-Momani and A. Rawabdeh, 2012. Monitoring of selenium concentrations in major springs of Yarmouk Basin, North Jordan. World Appl. Sci. J., 18(5): 704-714.
    Direct Link
  5. Basem, K., 1996. The geology of Irbid, Map Sheet No. 3255 II. Natural Resources Authority, Geological Mapping Division.
  6. Batayneh, A.T., 2010. Heavy metals in water springs of the Yarmouk Basin, North Jordan and their potentiality in health risk assessment. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 5(7): 997-1003.
    Direct Link
  7. Borah, K.K., B. Bhuyan and H.P. Sarma, 2009. Heavy metal contamination of groundwater in the tea garden belt of Darrang district, Assam, India. E-J. Chem., 6(S1): S501-S507.
    CrossRef    
  8. Botkin, B.D. and E.A. Keller, 2005. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. Wiley, New York.
  9. Denny, E., K. Donnelly, R. McKay, G. Ponte and T. Uetake, 2008. Sustainable Water Strategies for Jordan. International Economic Development Program, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
    Direct Link
  10. Dunnick, J.K., M.R. Elwell, A.E Radovsky, J.M. Benson, F.F. Hahn, K.J. Nikula, E.B. Barr and C.H. Hobbs, 1995. Comparative carcinogenic effects of nickel subsulfide, nickel oxide, or nickel sulfate hexahydrate chronic exposures in the lung. Cancer Res., 55: 5251-5256.
    PMid:7585584    
  11. El-Naser, H., 1991. Groundwater resources of the deep aquifer system in NW Jordan-hydrogeological and hydrochemical quasi 3-dimensional modeling. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wurzburg, Germany, pp: 144.
  12. EPA, 2005. Toxicological Review of Zinc and Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Open URL, Washington D.C.
  13. Forstner, U., 1990. Contaminated sediments. Lecture Notes in Earth Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 21.
  14. Ghasemi, M., A.R. Keshtkar, R. Dabbagh and S. Jaber Safdari, 2011. Biosorption of uranium in a continuous flow packed bed column using Cystoseira indica biomass. Iran J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 8(1): 65-74.
    Direct Link
  15. Harte, J., C. Holdren, R. Schneider and C. Shirley, 1991. Toxics A to Z, A Guide to Everyday Pollution Hazards. University of California Press, Oxford, England.
  16. JISM (Jordanian Institution for Standards and Metrology), 2008. Technical Regulation. Water-Drinking Water. Jordanian Institution for Standards and Metrology, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
  17. Khodabakhshi, A., M. Amin and M. Mozaffari, 2001. Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and evaluation efficiency for arsenic removal from simulated industrial wastewater. Iran J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 8: 189-200.
  18. MacFarlane, G.R. and M.D. Burchett, 2000. Cellular distribution of copper, lead and zinc in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) vierh. Aquat. Bot., 68: 45-59.
    CrossRef    
  19. Marcovecchio, J.E., S.E. Botte and R.H. Freije, 2007. Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements. In: Nollet, L.M., (Ed.), Handbook of Water Analysis. 2nd Edn., CRC Press, London.
    CrossRef    
  20. MWI (Ministry of Water and Irrigation), 2012. Jordan Institution for Standards and Metrology: Drinking Water Standard JS 286:2008. 5th Edn., in Arabic, Retrieved on May 2.
  21. Nortcliff, S., G. Carr, R.B. Potter and K. Darmame, 2008. Jordan's Water Resources: Challenges for the Future. Geographical Paper No. 185, The University of Reading, United Kingdom.
  22. Obeidat, M.M., F.Y. Ahmad, N.A. Hamouri, A.M. Massadeh and F.S. Athamneh, 2008. Assessment of Nitrate contamination of Karst springs, Bani Kanana, Northern Jordan. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Geol., 25(3): 426-437. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bbb7/6620a15726e4c3c9bacb1dcde13e651bc9ab.pdf.
    Direct Link
  23. Öztürk, M., G. Özözen, O. Minareci and E. Minareci, 2009. Determination of heavy metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar Dam Lake in Turkey. Iran J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 6(2): 73-80.
    Direct Link
  24. Pettersson, R. and F. Rasmussen, 1999. Daily intake of copper from drinking water among young children in Sweden. Environ. Health Perspect., 107: 441-446.
    CrossRef    PMid:10339444 PMCid:PMC1566555    
  25. Schuurmann, G. and B. Market, 1998. Ectotoxicology: Ecological Fundamentals, Chemical Exposure, and Biological Effects. John Wiley and Sons Inc and Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
  26. Stenhammar, L., 1999. Diarrhoea following contamination of drinking water with copper. Eur. J. Med. Res., 4: 217-218.
    PMid:10383874    
  27. Thomson, R.M. and G.J. Parry, 2006. Neuropathies associated with excessive exposure to lead. Muscle Nerve, 33: 732-741.
    CrossRef    PMid:16477615    
  28. Underwood, E.J., 1956. Trace Elements in Humans and Animals Nutrition. 3rd Edn., Academic Press, New York.
    PMCid:PMC1979042    
  29. Vodela, J.K., J.A. Renden, S.D. Lenz, W.H. McElhenney and B.W. Kemppainen, 1997. Drinking water contaminants (Arsenic, cadmium, lead, benzene, and trichloroethylene). 1. Interaction of contaminants with nutritional status on general performance and immune function in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 76: 1474-1492.
    CrossRef    PMid:9355140    
  30. World Health Organization (WHO), 2003a. "Zinc in Drinking-water" Background Document for Preparation of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/17).
  31. World Health Organization (WHO), 2003b. "Copper in Drinking-water" Background Document for Preparation of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization Geneva, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/18).
  32. World Health Organization (WHO), 2003c. "Lead in Drinking-water" Background Document for Preparation of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/9).
  33. World Health Organization (WHO), 2003d. "Cadmium in Drinking-water" Background Document for Preparation of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/80).
  34. World Health Organization (WHO), 2003e. "Iron in Drinking-water" Background Document for Preparation of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/8).

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

Open Access Policy

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Copyright

The authors have no competing interests.

ISSN (Online):  2041-0492
ISSN (Print):   2041-0484
Submit Manuscript
   Information
   Sales & Services
Home   |  Contact us   |  About us   |  Privacy Policy
Copyright © 2024. MAXWELL Scientific Publication Corp., All rights reserved