Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Water of El-Bahr El-Pharaony Drain, El-Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
1Hala E. Ghannam, 1Abdelrahman S. Talab, 2Hossam S. Jahin and 2Seleem E. Gaber
1Pollution Laboratory, Inland Water and Aquaculture Branch, El-Kanater El-Khiria, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo
2National Water Research Center, El-Kanater El-Khairia, Egypt
Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 2014 3:174-181
Received: December 19, 2013 | Accepted: December 27, 2013 | Published: March 20, 2014
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess and monitor the seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters (temperature, EC, TS, TDS, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO2, NO3, NH3) and heavy metals (Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se, Sn, V, Zn) concentrations in the water samples collected seasonally from El-Bahr El-Pharaony drain, El-Menoufia Governorate, Egypt from summer 2012 to spring 2013. Physicochemical characteristics of water varied significantly season to season and the most parameters values were significantly higher during summer at station I. All physicochemical parameters were below the permissible limits except TDS, BOD, COD and NH3 were higher in summer season at all stations. In case of heavy metals, As, Cd, Co, Sb, Se, Sn and V were not detectable (below the detection limits with ICP -OES <0.001 and <0.005) in water samples. On the other hand, Cu, Pb and Zn exceeded the permissible limits of Egyptian law. Heavy metal concentrations in El-Bahr El-Pharaony drain water were found in the following order: Fe>Cu>Al> Zn>Ni>Pb>Cr>Ba and the highest concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in summer at Station I. The water of El-Bahr El-Pharaony drain is partially polluted with heavy metals so, it is recommended that strict vigilance and constant monitoring are needed to maintain water quality of the drain, which considered a major source of fisheries in El-Menoufia Governorate.
Keywords:
El-Bahr El-Pharaony drain, ICP-OES, water pollution,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2041-0492
ISSN (Print): 2041-0484 |
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