Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Detection of Unexpected Fungi and Bacteria on Daily Most used Iraqi Notes in Sulaimani City
Sabiha Sharif Salih and Mariwan Abdullah Hama Sali
Medical Laboratory Department, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2020 1:1-5
Received: September 13, 2019 | Accepted: January 16, 2020 | Published: April 20, 2020
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of contamination of Iraqi bank notes with pathogenic bacteria and other microorganisms. Paper currency and coins can be considered as active sources of some human pathogens were possibility combined with the contaminated food and could lead to spread of microbial infection. In this study some pathogenic bacteria and fungi were isolated from the sample of currencies (250, 1000 IQD and Coins). Over all (40) samples were collected randomly. All samples were tested for bacteria and fungi detections, the percentage of isolated bacteria and fungi depended on the percentage of growth in 1000 IQD. The percent of isolated bacteria E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, fungi Staphylococcus. epidermidis, Klebsiella. oxytoca and Pseudomonas. spp were found (33.30%, 26.60, 26.60, 13.30, 13.30, 13,30) respectively. The percent of fungi and bacteria isolated from 250 IQD for Staphylococcus. aureus Pseudomonas. spp, E. coli, Staphylococcus. Epidermidis and fungi were found (33.30, 33.30, 26.40, 26.40, 13.30%) respectively. The percent of isolated bacteria and fungi that were growth on coins were different from the paper notes (1000 and 250 IQD). Ten percent of these samples were no bacteria or fungi growth isolated, while growth for E. coli isolated were (20%), for Proteus spp (20%), Klebsiella. Oxytoca (20%), no growth (10%), Pseudomonas. spp, (10%) and fungi (5%). For all isolated bacteria ten antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed including (Amikacin AK Ampicillin Amp, Ampicillin Amx Cephalosporin Cef, Ciprofloxacin Cip, Gentamycin Gm., Rifampicin Rif, Nalidixic Acid (NA), Tetracycline Tet and Trimethoprim Tri), In this study multiple antibiotic resistance were seen.
Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance, bank notes, contaminated currency, Iraqi currency, isolated bacteria,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2041-0778
ISSN (Print): 2041-076X |
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