Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Improvement of an Alluvial Gravel Geotechnical Properties with a Clayey Soil for the Road Construction
1Raymond G. Elenga, 1, 2Louis Ahouet, 1Mondésir Ngoulou, 1Stévina Bouyila, 3Guy F. Dirras and 2Eric Kengué
1Laboratoire des Matériaux et Énergies, FST, Marien Ngouabi University, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Congo
2Bureau de Contrôle du Bâtiment et Travaux Publics, B.P. 72, Brazzaville, Congo
3Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et Matériaux, CNRS, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 av. Jean-Baptiste Clement, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2019 4:135-139
Received: November 14, 2018 | Accepted: December 27, 2018 | Published: September 15, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the alluvial gravel of the Niari river in Congo, to improve its geotechnical properties by stabilizing it with a clayey soil and to find out its utilization in the road construction according to the approved standards in most African countries. The results show that the grain size distribution of the alluvial gravel fits in the standard envelope of the base layer and its resistance to friction of 23% is within the allowed limits. However, its fines content and plasticity index are respectively 4 and 0%, out of the allowed range. Adding the clayey soil increases the CBR index from 0 for the alluvial gravel to 142% for a mixture of 15% of the clayey soil, while the sand equivalent decreases from 80 to 42%. The mixtures of 5, 10 and 30%, respectively of the clayey soil content could be used as the subbase layer in the road construction; that of 15% as the base layer for T3 and T4 traffics and those of 20 and 25% as the base layer for T1 and T2 traffics. Besides, it is found that the CBR index of the mixture of the CBR index is strongly correlated to its density and the relationship between them is parabolic.
Keywords:
Alluvial gravel, clayey soil, geotechnical properties, litho-stabilization, road,
References
-
Bohi, Z.P.B., 2008. Caractérisation des sols latéritiques utilisés en construction routiére: Cas de la région de l'Agneby (Côte d'Ivoire). Ph.D. Thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris.
-
Camapum de Carvalho, J., L.R. de Rezende, F.B.F. Cardoso, L.C.F.L. Lucena, R.C. Guimarães and Y.G. Valencia, 2015. Tropical soils for highway construction: Peculiarities and considerations. Transportation Geotechnics, 5: 3-19.
CrossRef
-
CEBTP (Centre Expérimental du Bâtiment et Travaux Publics), 1984. Guide pratique de di-mensionnement des chaussées pour les pays tropicaux. Minestére de la coopération, France.
-
Centre Expérimental de recherches et d'études du Bâtiment et Travaux Publics (CEBTP), 1980. Guide pratique de dimensionnement des chaussées pour les pays tropicaux. Minestére de la coopération, France.
-
Cocks, G., R. Keeley, C. Leek, P. Foley, T. Bond, A. Crey, P. Paige-Green, S. Emery, R. Clayton, D. McIness and L. Marchant, 2015. The use of naturally occuring materials for pavements in Western Australia. Austalian Geomechanics, 50: 43-106.
Direct Link
-
Correia, A.G., M.G. Winter and A.J. Puppala, 2016. A review of sustainable approaches in transport infrastructure geotechnics. Transport. Geotech., 7: 21-28.
CrossRef
-
Economic Commission for Africa, 2007. Transport situation in Africa. United Nations, Cinquiéme session du Comité de Commerce et Coopération et de l'intégration régionale, Addis Abeba. E/ECA/CTRCI/5/3.
-
Issiakou, M.S., 2016. Caractéisation et valorization des matériaux latéritiques utilisés en construction au Niger. Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux.
-
Kana, E.M., 2016. Geotechnical engineering practice for road works in tropical regions of Africa. Lett. Afrigeo, 2: 3-11.
-
Molenaar, A.A.A., 2013. Durable and sustainable road constructions for developing countries. Procedia Engineer., 54: 69-81.
CrossRef
-
Ndiaye, M., 2013. Contribution à l'étude des sols latéritiques du Sénégal et du Brésil. Ph. D. Thesis, Université de Paris-Est, Paris.
-
NF EN 13285, 2006. Grave non traité - Spécifications. Comité français pour les techniques routiéres. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF EN 13286-41, 2007. Essai résistance compression des sols traité. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF P18-573, 1990. Aggregates Los Angeles Test. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF P18-597, 1990. Aggregates. Détermination of clean lines for fines aggregates: Sand equivalent with 10% fines. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF P94-051, 1993. Soils: Investigation and testing-Determination of Atterberg limits-liquid limit test using casagrande apparatus-plastic limit test on rolled thread. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF P94-056, 1996. Soil: Investigation and testing-Granulometric analysis-Dry sieving method washing. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF P94-057, 1992. Analyse granulométrique des sols. Méthode par sédimentation. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF P94-078, 1997. Soils Investigations and tests-CBR after immersion-Immediate bearing ratio. Measurement on sample compacted in CBR mould. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
NF P94-093, 1999. Soils: Investigations and testing-Determination of compaction characteristics of soil-Standard Proctor test-Modified Proctor test. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR). www.afnor.fr.
Direct Link
-
Onana, V.L., A. Ngo'o Ze, R. Medjo Eko, R.F.D. Ntouala, M.T. Nanga Bineli, B. Ngono Owoudou and G.E. Ekodeck, 2017. Geological identification, geotechnical and mechanical characterization of charnockite-derived lateritic gravels from Southern Cameroon for road construction purposes. Transportation Geotechnics,10 : 35-46.
CrossRef
-
Paige-Green, P., M. Pinard and F. Netterberg, 2015. A review of specifications for lateritic materials for low volume. Transport. Geotech., 5: 86-98.
CrossRef
-
Quadri, H.A., O.A. Adeyemi and O.S. Olafusi, 2012. Investigation of the geotechnical engineering properties of laterite as a subgrade and base material for road constructions in Nigeria. Civil Environ. Res., 2: 23-31.
Direct Link
-
Sangaré, M. and S. Atiase, 1991. Synthése de données sur l'entretien et la réhabilitation des routes rurales en Afrique de l'ouest et du centre. Projet d'appui au Développement Africain n º 698-0464. 28. 19.
-
Sinha, K., A Varma, M.P. Walsh and A. Faiz, 1990. Environmental and Ecological Considerations in Land Transport: A Resource Guide. Banque Mondiale, Washington.
-
Toll, D.G., 1991. Towards understanding the behaviour of naturally-occurring road construction materials. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 9: 197-217.
CrossRef
-
Weinert, H.H., 1980. The Natural Road Construction Materials of Southern Africa. Academica, Pretoria, Cape Town.
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
|
|
![](http://www.maxwellsci.com/images/RJASET-maxw.jpg) |
ISSN (Online): 2040-7467
ISSN (Print): 2040-7459 |
![Submit Manuscript](../images/sub.jpg) |
Information |
|
|
|
Sales & Services |
|
|
|